Please help explain the answer to this study question.

Which of the following is true?

a. The legislature may authorize a sentence that is grossly disproportionate to the crime committed.

b. The legislature may criminalize behavior that is protected by the Constitution.

c. The legislature may pass a criminal staute that applies to behavior committed before the date the law was enacted.

d. The legislature may pass a criminal statute it does not expect the police to regularly enforce.