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https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc_en.html

Objectives 1. Investigate the differences between a series combination and a parallel combination. 2. Compare the results of circuit analysis using Kirchhoff's Rules with using PhET simulation Theoretical Background When several resistors are connected in series or in parallel, there is an equivalent resistance for the combination. R1 R1 x R2 R3 Rz Figure 1. Resistors in Series Reg = Ri + Ra + Ra + .. Figure 2. Resistors in Parallel 1 1 1 1 RTR Ra For analysis of more complex networks having resistors and emf's, certain rules must be followed. In this activity we shall use Kirchhoff's circuit laws. Kirchhoff's circuit laws encompass two rules: 1. Junction Rule: The algebraic sum of the currents into any junction is zero. This is based on the Conservation of Charges. 1=0 (any junction) 2. Loop Rule: The algebraic sum of the potential differences in any loop, including those associated with the emf's and those of resistive elements, must equal to zero. This is based on the Conservation of Energy. [v =0 (any closed loop) Procedure PART I. (Resistor Combinations) Click on the following link and select "Lab" https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit- dc_en.html Cent Contractor Kit KKC Values Many Saloct current visualization and toggle values and labels Instruments Menu Work Area You can drag out an This space is whore you can instrument from this construct your circuits. menu. Use the instrument to measure a specific quantity Component Meny You can drag and drop a component into the work area from this menu. Visualization Manu Zoom You have two options for visualization: Real and Schematic. Reset Circuit Construction Kit DC PHET : 1. This diagram represents a network of resistors.10.0 0 Wr 10 0 0 10.0 0 BOW 2. Using the voltmeter in the instruments menu, you can measure the voltage drops 10 0 0 10.0 0 10.0 Voltage 6.00 V In nan across a combination or across a resistor. Simply touch the probes of the voltmeter at both ends of a combination or a component. The red probe must be on the positive side and the black on the negative. 3. The ammeter in the instruments menu can be used to measure the currents 10.0 0 -Wr 10.0 0 10 0 0 Curron: Current 0.09 A 0.30 A through a combination or through a resistor. Simply touch the probe of the ammeter on the resistor or on the conductor end of a combination. 4. Now replicate the network below with the right values and settings on your PhET work area. 150 0 W/ Libels 10.0 0 5.0 0 20.0 V HE Tap circut element to ecit. Circuit Construction Kit: DC PHET : 5. Take note of the names of the resistors.\f3. Write eq uations uslngthejunctlon n.||e and the loop rule forthe two loops [you should havethree equations]. Let I1 bethe current through R1, I; through lull, and I; through R3. 'l'ou do not need to solve the three equations. 4. Use the ammeter from the instruments menu to measure the currents through the resistors. record them on Table 1. Using your measured values for the three currents and the gluon resistanoe and voltage 'H'HILIE'S-l show that your three equations from step 3 are correct. In other words, substitute the values lnto the equations and show that current in equals current out [junction rule! and the sum of potentials around loop adds to zero [loop rule]. Show work below: TABLE 2 Resistor Measured current through resistor using the ammeter - 5. Visualize the current by cheoldng on the 'Show Current\" in the values menu and choosing conventlonal current. E. Did you obtaln negative currentfs In your calculations? if yes, what could he the reason why a mnrent has a negative value