Question
Please help me to edit grammar, spelling, punctuation, and structure, thank you! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Chinese government has announced to increase heavy tariffs again on Australian
Please help me to edit grammar, spelling, punctuation, and structure, thank you!
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The Chinese government has announced to "increase heavy tariffs again on Australian wines afterdeteriorating political relationship between China and Australia." (GT staff reporters). "China will continue imposing anti-dumping duties of between 116.2% and 218.4% on Australian wine imports" to protect domestic wine by building theequity market. (GT staff reporters). This ruling, which lasts five years, will harm Australia's economy.
Following the ruling, the market of Australian wine in the Chinese market could drop by at least 20%(GT staff reporters). In recent months, several Chinese wine agencies have voluntarily suspended importing Australian wine in consideration of alternatives such as Italian wine. As deteriorating political relations are weighing in between China and Australia, not only wine but also barley and timber imports arescrambling to survive(GT staff reporters).
Figure 1
Figure 1 represents the Chinese economy with extra import taxes on Australian wines. The global supply curve (Sw) reflects imported wines from Australia. Curve Sd represents domestic supply in China, whereas curve Dd reflects domestic demand. Because of the extra protectionism, China produces from Q1to Q2, but the Australian imports from Q3to Q4. Thus, the domestic producers have been protected from the cheaper import from the market of wine. China reinforces the tariff policy which led China's domestic wine price to rise from Pw+t to Pw+t+102%. After the extra tariffs, the price of imported wines rose to Pw+t+102%, causing Australia's wine price to rise.
The extra tariffs on Australian wines are presented by the distance between Sw+t and Sw+t+102%, which is "between 116.2% and 218.4%" (GT staff reporters). With the extra tariffs, Australian producers sell less in China, from Q3 to Q4 rather than Q1 to Q2, and also priced higher, at Pw+t+102% instead of Pw+t. Imposing the extra tariffs is beneficial for the Chinese government, which gains tariff revenues, is represented by the orange areas (c+d+h+i). Besides, Tariff has an impact on Australian producers, with exports to China declining from between Q1 and Q2 to between Q3 and Q2. Domestic consumers lost from the tariffs price increase from Pw+tto Pw+t+102%, as well as a decline in potential choice as the number of imported wines from Australia, decreased from between Q1and Q2 to between Q3 and Q4. Imposing the tariffs creates huge welfare loss and influences the domestic market, shown by the area of green section(a+b+g+e+f+j).
Before the tariffs, China's domestic producers experienced competition with all foreign producers. Imposing the extra tariffs on Australia is beneficial not only to domestic producers as they receive higher prices (Pw+t+102%) and supply greater quantities (Q3), but also benefiting producers from other countries in China, such as Italy. Even though the tariffs would make the Australian wine sector less competitive, it might raise the competitiveness of other low-cost wine producers. Australian wine producers gained more profits from selling Q1 and Q2, but profits decreased due to the heavy tariffs.
According to Australian Wine, before the tariff, Australian wine exported to China was worth$9.7 billion in 2019.(GT staff reporters). In order to build theequity market, the Chinese government imposes tariffs again on import wine. Since China was the largest importer of Australian wine. Therefore,Australian wine producers will substantially lose export revenues as they rely 44% of their exports on China after reinforcing the policy. Before the tariffs, the Australian wine sector exports Q1 to Q2 and receives the world price, Pw. Even though they still receive Pw with the tariffs, imported wines become more expensive in China (Pw+t), which will result in less consumption of imported wines in China, and reduce the quantity of export from Q3 to Q4.
The Australian government may interpret the tariffs as retaliation against Australia for the deteriorating political relationship. Australia might revenge on China by imposing taxes on China's products. Therefore, the tariffs may provoke more retaliation from Australia, devastating the trade war.
Since imposing tariffs is protection for China's wine businesses, the Chinese government can also set quotas to limit the legal quantity of imported wines, or support domestic wine businesses to cut their prices and compete with international producers. Furthermore, Australia used to be independent on the Chinese market, leading Australian wineries to struggle for survival.
While the validity of imposing tariffs on the Australian wine sector is still being debated, it is probable that this is a political tactic against the Australian government's aim to investigate the origin of the coronavirus. However, it is a political strategy used to fight Australian imports. The Australian government should seek help from the World Trade Organization (WTO) to avoid business conflicts, and it should advocate for more openness in WTO decision-making procedures to determine if the policy is a political weapon or an equity policy.
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