Please help owe with these work .

Primary source for a literature review may be defined as:

Any retrieval mechanism that helps to locate articles on the area of interest

A thesaurus that directs the reader to subject headings germane to the topic

A description of an investigation written by the researcher who conducted the study

A summarization of relevant research that has been conducted on the topic of interest

Use the following abstract to answer the questions 23- 28; Relieving Children's Pain: Nurses Abilities and Analgesic Administration Practice A primary purpose of this study was to examine relationships among nurse's knowledge attitudes about children's pain relief, nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management, nurses analgesic practices, and pain levels of hospitalized children. Significant positive relationships were found between nurses (N= 67) analgesic administration and children's pain, and between nurses' years of practice with children and nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management. The children's (N= 132) mean pain level was 1.63 (scale of 0 to 5), with one half of the children reporting moderate sever pain. Of the 117 children who reported pain, 74% received analgesia. Nurses administered a mean of 37.9% of available morphine and means of 36% to 54% of recommended amounts of morphine, acetaminophen, and codeine. 23. An independent variable in this study is:

Nurses' knowledge and attitudes about pain relief

Amount of analgesic given

Children's pain level

Parenteral reports of their children's pain

A research hypothesis indicates the expected relationship between:

The statement of purpose and the research questions

Statistical testing and the null hypothesis

The independent variable and the dependent variable

The functional and casual nature of the variables

The following are examples of data collection sources EXCEPT:

Physiologic measures

Self-reports

Observations

Literature reviews

Abstracts are best used to:

Understand the research study

Recognize how results contribute to the knowledge base for nursing practice

Determine if the study addresses the clinical question of interest

Make decisions about clinical care

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. 4. Several of the research articles they find use a middle range nursing theory as they wish to:

Prove conclusively that relationships exist among the phenomena studied

Minimize the number of words required to explain phenomena and thereby eliminate semantic problems

Capture the complexity of human nature by the richness of the operational definitions associated with the variables

Specify the nature of the relationships that exist among phenomena

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. 8. To summarize the data they collected, Susan and Tom use descriptive and inferential statistics. Inferential statistics allow them to:

All the above

Measure variability

Describe data

Analyze, test hypothesis

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. 2. In reviewing levels of evidence, Susan and Tom explain that the highest level of evidence:

Expert committee reports from professional organizations

Meta-analysis/ systemic review

Ethnography

Quasi- experimental studies

A P value of .05 means:

The results would occur by chance 5 out of 100 times

There is no chance that the results are significant

It is likely that any differences can be explained by chance

Only 5% of results were significant

Which of the following are measures of central tendency?

T test, P value

Mean, mode, distribution

Correlations

Analysis of variance

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. 7. What quantitative research design would be best to assess relationships of falls on the unit in relation to frequency of nursing rounds

Descriptive

Quasi- experimental

Correlational

Comparative

QI has a different focus than EBP or research because QI:

Has a unique methodology

Focuses on improving patient care processes

Does not use research

Generates new knowledge of what works

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. 1. They want to emphasize that EBP is different from research because EBP:

Uses highest quality quantitative studies generalizable to other settings

Uses data to monitor outcomes and is focused on continuous quality improvement

Is based on a comprehensive review of all literature related to the area of concern

Includes an understanding of patient preferences and use of the nurse's clinical judgements

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. 9. When they set up their data analysis plan, the need to know that there are various levels of measurements so they can:

make appropriate questions for the survey

Determine reliability of the data

None of the above

Decide what statistics they can use

Relieving Children's Pain: Nurses Abilities and Analgesic Administration Practice A primary purpose of this study was to examine relationships among nurse's knowledge attitudes about children's pain relief, nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management, nurses analgesic practices, and pain levels of hospitalized children. Significant positive relationships were found between nurses (N= 67) analgesic administration and children's pain, and between nurses' years of practice with children and nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management. The children's (N= 132) mean pain level was 1.63 (scale of 0 to 5), with one half of the children reporting moderate sever pain. Of the 117 children who reported pain, 74% received analgesia. Nurses administered a mean of 37.9% of available morphine and means of 36% to 54% of recommended amounts of morphine, acetaminophen, and codeine. 24. A dependent variable in this study is:

Nurse's knowledge and attitude about children's pain relief

Barriers to optimal pain relief

Amount of analgesic given

Availability (MD orders) of pain medication

Use the following abstract to answer the questions 23- 28; Relieving Children's Pain: Nurses Abilities and Analgesic Administration Practice A primary purpose of this study was to examine relationships among nurse's knowledge attitudes about children's pain relief, nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management, nurses analgesic practices, and pain levels of hospitalized children. Significant positive relationships were found between nurses (N= 67) analgesic administration and children's pain, and between nurses' years of practice with children and nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management. The children's (N= 132) mean pain level was 1.63 (scale of 0 to 5), with one half of the children reporting moderate sever pain. Of the 117 children who reported pain, 74% received analgesia. Nurses administered a mean of 37.9% of available morphine and means of 36% to 54% of recommended amounts of morphine, acetaminophen, and codeine. 26. In what section of the study would you find the limitations of the study?

Methods

Results

Discussion/ Conclusions

Literature review

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. 10. Blood pressures are measured as one of the study variables. Blood pressure is an example of a level of measurement with an absolute zero and thus is:

Interval

Ordinal

Ratio

Nominal

Research projects that collect data at one point in time are referred to as:

Longitudinal studies

Panel studies

Retrospective studies

Cross- sectional studies

Which of the following is a nurse sensitive measure?

Restraint use prevalence

Medication prescribing errors

Antibiotic resistance

Accurate diagnosis

In what section of the research article would the authors provide information about the implications of their findings for practice?

Introduction

Results section

Methods section

Discussion/ conclusions section

The sampling approach used by qualitative researchers differs from the sampling approach used by quantitative researchers in which of the following ways?

In qualitative research the sampling strategies are established at the beginning

In qualitative research sampling is flexible and evolves as the study develops

In qualitative research sampling is driven by the data as it is collected

In qualitative research sampling includes as many resources as possible

Type I and Type II errors are:

Especially important in qualitative research

Errors in measurement

Unrelated to generalizability

False positives and false negatives in statistical analysis

In experimental research, randomization is:

Not critical as other methods can be used to control extraneous intrinsic variables

A method to control subject characteristics

An opportunity to manipulate the independent variable

Differential application of the experimental condition

The aspects of a study that create uncertainty concerning the meaning that can be derived from the study are referred to as:

Implications

Conclusions

Recommendations

Limitations

Which of the following must be present in Quasi- experimental research?

Matching of subjects

Randomization

Manipulation of a variable

All of the above

Hypertensive patients who undergo a biofeedback self management training program will have lower blood pressure readings 3 months later than patients who do not. This sentence can be best described as:

Hypothesis

Problem statement

Statement of purpose

Research question

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. Which research design would be best to address the question of how nurses perceive their role in reducing falls?

Quasi- experimental

Ethnographic

Phenomenology

Descriptive

One of the functions of a rigorous research design in a quantitative study is to have control over

Factorial variables

Dependent variables

Independent variables

Extraneous or interviewing variables

"The goal of this study was to examine the influence of uncertainty on emotional distress and recovery following myocardial infraction." This sentence can be best described as:

A research question

A problem statement

A hypothesis

A statement of purpose

Use the following abstract to answer the questions 23- 28; Relieving Children's Pain: Nurses Abilities and Analgesic Administration Practice A primary purpose of this study was to examine relationships among nurse's knowledge attitudes about children's pain relief, nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management, nurses analgesic practices, and pain levels of hospitalized children. Significant positive relationships were found between nurses (N= 67) analgesic administration and children's pain, and between nurses' years of practice with children and nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management. The children's (N= 132) mean pain level was 1.63 (scale of 0 to 5), with one half of the children reporting moderate sever pain. Of the 117 children who reported pain, 74% received analgesia. Nurses administered a mean of 37.9% of available morphine and means of 36% to 54% of recommended amounts of morphine, acetaminophen, and codeine. 25. In which section of the article would you expect to find the following statement. "Convenience samples of 67 nurses from 7 units in a Midwestern Children's Hospital and 132 of the children for whom they provided care were studied."

Methods section

Introduction

Discussion/ conclusion section

Results section

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. 5. The hospital has been using PICO as:

A tool for conducting evidence-based practice

Approach to planning patient care

A conceptual approach to research

A framework for quality improvement

When subjects behaviors are affected not by the treatment per se but by their knowledge of participating in a study, the generalizability of the results is limited because of the influence of the:

Selection threat

Treatment affect

Reactivity or Hawthorne effect

History effect

Increasing sample size would most likely result in:

Increasing the statistical significance of the findings

Decreasing the reliability and validity of the findings

Increasing the types of statistical procedures that could be used

Decreasing the number of variables studied

A research hypothesis:

Predicts the nature of the relationship between two or more variables

Is a set of logically interrelated propositions

Is usually more general in scope than the problem statement

Predicts the absence of a relationship between two or more variables

Use the following abstract to answer the questions 23- 28; Relieving Children's Pain: Nurses Abilities and Analgesic Administration Practice A primary purpose of this study was to examine relationships among nurse's knowledge attitudes about children's pain relief, nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management, nurses analgesic practices, and pain levels of hospitalized children. Significant positive relationships were found between nurses (N= 67) analgesic administration and children's pain, and between nurses' years of practice with children and nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain management. The children's (N= 132) mean pain level was 1.63 (scale of 0 to 5), with one half of the children reporting moderate sever pain. Of the 117 children who reported pain, 74% received analgesia. Nurses administered a mean of 37.9% of available morphine and means of 36% to 54% of recommended amounts of morphine, acetaminophen, and codeine. 25. In which section of the article would you expect to find the following statement. 27. Which of the following conclusions might you draw from the findings reported in the abstract:

Children in the hospital experience more pain than hospitalized adults

Nurses with more experience are more likely to overcome barriers to pain relief in hospitalized children

Nurses with higher levels of education are more likely to provide adequate pain and relief for hospitalized children

Parents play a major role in pain management when their children are hospitalized

The research question, "What is the effect of preoperative on the incidence of post-operative respiratory complications? Is:

Not researchable

Most likely to be addressed using a qualitative approach are:

Most likely to be addressed using a quantitative approach

Applicable to grounded theory

Clinical practice guidelines are:

Developed by researchers, experts, and nurses

Standing physician orders

A metanalysis

Research based organizational policies developed by interested nurses

The background/context for questions 1-10: Susan and Tom are recently licensed, new graduates of the college of mount saint Vincent's school of nursing who have started new positions on a medsurg unit at Nurses Hospital in the Bronx. Knowing they are knowledgeable and skilled in how to conduct evidenced based practice, the nurse leaders on the unit has asked them to lead the newly formed EBP Unit Council as the hospital pursues Magnet Status. They decide the first thing they will do is to have a mini- in- service on EBP. The committee decides to focus on patient falls as this is a growing problem on the unit. Included in their mini presentation is a discussion of the differences between research, EBP and QI. T o get started with the EBP project, the first step is to:

Determine the clinical question

Retrieve and review relevant resources

Identify a theoretical or conceptual framework to guide the work

Identify key variables/ terms