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Fixed-income securities consist of debt instruments and preferred stock. Bonds are debt securities in which a borrower promises to pay a specified interest rate and principal at a future date. The entity that promises to make the interest and maturity payments for a bond issue is called the Based on the information given in the following statement, answer the questions that follow: In July 2009, Hungary successfully issued 1 billion euros in bonds. The transaction was managed by Citigroup. Who is the issuer of the bonds? Citigroup The Hungarian government O Hungary Bank What type of bonds are these? O Municipal bonds Government bonds Corporate bonds To be effective issuing and investing in bonds, knowledge of their terminology, characteristics, and features is essential. For example: A bond's is generally $1,000 and represents the amount borrowed from the bond's first purchaser. A bond issuer is said to be in if it does not pay the interest or the principal in accordance with the terms of the indenture agreement or if it violates one or more of the issue's restrictive covenants. The contract that describes the terms of a borrowing arrangement between a firm that sells a bond issue and the investors who purchase the bonds is called A bond's allows a bondholder or preferred stockholder to convert their bond or preferred share, respectively, into a specified number or value of common shares. Suppose you read an article about the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District bonds. It includes the following information: Bridge Bonds Series A Dated 7-15-2005 4.375% Due 7-15-2055 @100.00 What is the maturity date of this bond? O 7-15-2055 O 7-15-2005 If the coupon interest rate remains constant from the time of issue until the bond matures, then the bond is called a bond. Which feature of a bond contract allows the issuer to redeem bonds under specified terms prior to maturity? O Convertible provision Call provision O Put provision O Deferred call provision Issuers can gradually reduce the outstanding balance of a bond issue by using a sinking fund account into which they deposit a specified amount of money each year. To operationalize the sinking fund provision of an indenture, issuers can (1) purchase a portion of the debt in the open market or (2) call the bonds if they contain a call provision. Under what circumstances would a firm be more likely to buy the required number of bonds in the open market as opposed to using one of the other procedures? When interest rates are higher than they were when the bonds were issued When interest rates are lower than they were when the bonds were issued