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Question 14 35 pts Penn State Marketing and Branding Office is interested in understanding more about alumni's donation behavior, and the director Ning invited you to analyze a data of 1,000 donors in Year 2018. The data includes the following variables: Y: Amount of donations (in dollars) a donor made in Year 2018; MC: The cost of all marketing communications (in dollars) a donor received in Year 2018; R: How recently (in years) has a donor made his/her last donation? e.g. R = 5 means a donor's last donation is five years ago; F: How frequently has a donor contributed in the past 10 years? e.g. F = 0.5 means a donor has contributed five times in the past 10 years. M: How much has a donor contributed (in dollars) in the past 10 years on average. Ning built the following regression model E(Y)=Bo+B1 MC+B2 R+B3 F+34 M, and Table 1 and Table 2 summarizes the estimated parameters from SPSS: Model Summary Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R R Square Square Estimate .7723 596 .595 206.6046 Table 1. Regression Model Summary Coefficients Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients Model B Std. Error Beta Sig.Table 1. Regression Model Summary Coefficients Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients Model B Std. Error Beta Sig. (Constant) 5.352 67.137 080 936 MC 1.702 633 054 2.689 .007 R -46.813 3.817 -.247 -12.265 000 F 30.149 21.699 028 1.389 165 M 751 021 .715 35.417 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Y Table 2. Estimated Regression Output from SPSS Answer the following FOUR questions: a) Based on the output tables, write down the estimated regression equation and explain your notations. (5 pts) b) What is the R2 of this model and how would you interpret it in one sentence? (5 pts) c) What does the coefficient estimate "1.702" in Table 2 mean in the context of this problem? Explain in one sentence. (5 pts) d) Based on Table 2, is the impact of marketing communications (MC) statistically significant? More specifically: What are the hypotheses (with math expressions and all notations explained)? (4 pts) What is the test statistic (2 pts) and p-value (2 pts)? What is your statistical conclusion at significance level 0.05? (2 pts) Problem Continues ... Ning added a new variable "State" into the regression model E(Y)=Bo+B1 MC+B2 R+B3 F+B4 M+Bs State and Table 3 sum izes the estima SPSS. State= 1 when th s fromProblem Continues ... Ning added a new variable "State" into the regression model E(Y)=Bo+B1 MC+B2 R+B3 F+B4 M+35 State and Table 3 summarizes the estimated parameters from SPSS. State= 1 when the donor is from Pennsylvania and State= 0 when the donor is not from Pennsylvania. Coefficients Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients Model B Std. Error Beta Sig. (Constant) 11.349 67.481 168 866 MC 1.700 633 .054 2.685 007 R -46.843 3.817 -.248 -12.272 000 F 29.900 21.703 .028 1.378 169 M 751 021 .715 35.419 000 State -11.636 13.072 -.018 -.890 374 a. Dependent Variable: Y Table 3. Estimated Regression Output from SPSS Answer the following TWO questions: e) What does the coefficient estimate "-11.636" in Table 3 mean in the context of this problem? Explain in one sentence. (5 pts) f) Ning said "Since Penn State is located in Pennsylvania, we should spend more resources targeting those donors who are from Pennsylvania." Do you agree or disagree with Ning's decision? Explain why by using evidence from Table 3 to support your claim in two sentences. (5 pts) Edit View Insert Format Tools Table