Please only answer the question with below options. No need for explanation

31

Individuals must plead guilty to be eligible to participate in Indigenous sentencing courts.

Group of answer choices

True

False

32

_________ have attempted to highlight the ways in which ________ can be indirectly discriminatory because it silences the voices of non-whites.

Group of answer choices

Practical reconciliation theorists, equality.

Assimilation theorists, equity

Critical race theorists, equity

Critical race theorists, equality

Practical reconciliation theorists, equity

33

Less than half of all youth in detention in 2020 were Indigenous young people.

Group of answer choices

True

False

34

Although Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Law is not officially incorporated in the mainstream legal system, it continues to be practiced and maintained in daily life.

Group of answer choices

True

False

35

Overall, Australian higher court sentencing research shows that:

Group of answer choices

Indigenous status has no impact on sentencing outcomes

Indigenous status aggravates sentence severity

Indigenous status either mitigates or has no impact on sentence severity

Indigenous status only impacts on bail outcomes

There is no such research in Australia

36

According to the National Police Custody Survey (2002) Victoria had the highest overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in custody.

Group of answer choices

True

False

37

Aboriginal Community Patrols operate in:

Group of answer choices

Remote parts of Australia only

Urban parts of Australia only

Rural and urban parts of Australia

Urban, rural and remote parts of Australia

38

__________ officially replaced ________ as the cornerstone of Federal government policy toward Indigenous peoples when the Whitlam Labour Government came to office in 1972

Group of answer choices

Protectionism/segregation, assimilation

Assimilation, protectionism/segregation

Practical reconciliation, assimilation

Self-determination, assimilation

None of the above

39

Which criminological theory/s is reflected in the following statement: Of greatest concern is the contribution unemployment makes to the general malaise and hopelessness experienced by Indigenous people in some communities....The high rates of unemployment impacted on individual, self-esteem....personal relationships and created a social environment of boredom and hopelessness. Excessive consumption of alcohol is variously described as the cause or result of poverty, unemployment, lack of education, boredom....The use of other drugs and petrol sniffing can be added to these. Together, they lead to excessive violence (NT Government, 2007: 12 & 193).

Group of answer choices

Critical Race Theory

Social Disorganisation, Anomie/Strain Theory

Social Learning and Substance Abuse Theory

Social Learning Theory

None of the above

40

Police discretion contributes to the overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in custody.

Group of answer choices

True

False