Please provide exact answers before I post but those are not good now I am expecting exact output please don't use any kind of online source like Chatgpt or anything, those are strictly not allowed. This is the Distributed computing course. If you don't know the exact answer please leave it Don't write wrong answers. I posted so many questions but even one question also I didn't get a proper answer. Now I am expecting an Exact answer from your side. kindly request that if you are not aware of these questions just leave it don't write online answers or wrong answers.

Broadcast

A broadcast collective communication is a rooted communication pattern where a data is transferred from a single location toward multiple others locations. Upon completion all the locations hold identical content.

Such a collective communication can be implemented using different communication patterns. We are interested in their properties, based on the underlying network characteristics.

Let's take $3$ patterns: a chain, a binomial tree and a two binary tree $($depicted on the next page$).$

P$1$

P$2$

P$3$

PI

P$2$

P$3$

P$4$

P$4$

$?$