Please provide explanations for the math.

Evaluating the Choice among Three Alternative Inventory Methods Based on Cash Flow Effects Following is partial information for the income statement of Arturo Technologies Company under three different inventory costing methods, assuming the use of a periodic inventory system: Required: 1. Compute cost of goods sold under the FIFO, LIFO, and average cost inventory costing methods. 2. Prepare an income statement through pretax income for each method. 3. Rank the three methods in order of preference based on income taxes paid (favorable cash flow) and explain the basis for your ranking