Please provide professional answers,I will rate after my professor has rated my work on next week.

Link: https://academic.d up.com/rof/article-abstract/23/2/363/3915029

1. Does financial leverage (debt) have any impact on the Free Cash Flow, on the Cash

Flow to Shareholders, on the growth of the company and on the value of the shares?

2. Is it true that if a company does not distribute dividends then the cost of its equity is zero?

3. What is the influence of auto portfolio in the quotation of the shares?

4. Why does a Split exist?

5. The National Company responsible for the company where I work has recently

published a document stating that the levered beta of the sector of energy

transportation is 0.471870073 (yes, 9 decimals). They obtained this number by

considering the betas in the sector, ranging between -0.24 and 1.16. What is the point

of being so precise with the betas? Does it make any sense to apply the same beta to

all the companies in a sector?

6. I do not understand the meaning of Working Capital Requirements. I think it should

be similar to Working Capital (Current Assets - Current Liabilities). Am I right?

7. Why can we not calculate the required return (Ke) from the Gordon-Shapiro model

[P0 = Div0 (1+g) / (Ke - g)] instead of using the CAPM? As we know the current

dividend (Div0) and the current share price (P0), we can obtain the growth rate of the

dividend from the formula g = ROE (1-p)/(1 - ROE (1-p)), p being the payout.

8. Assume I calculate g as ROE (1-p)/(1-ROE (1-p)) and the Ke from the CAPM. I replace

both values in the formula PER = (ROE (1+g) - g)/ROE (Ke-g) but the PER I obtain is

totally different from the one I get by dividing the quotation of the share to the

earnings per share. Is it possible to interpret that difference as an overvaluation or

undervaluation of that share on the market?

9. I was assigned a valuation of the shares of a pharmaceutical laboratory. Which

valuation method is more convenient?

10. I need to know how to value a company well, but I cannot clearly see the valuation

process of a company starting from its past income statements. What are the

systematical steps I need to take? Firstly, I think I should elaborate the provisional

statements for the following fiscal years and then calculate the cash flows, discount

them at the present moment (with a discount factor), add the terminal value to it and

the difference between the book net value and the market value of intangibles. I really

need that these steps be methodical and easy to understand so I can use them as a

guide when valuing a company.