Please respond to four of the following items. Please indicate the number of the item at the beginning of your response. 1. Why are managers' values important? How do their subordinates discover them? 2. How do personal and organizational values relate? 3. What are the risks posed by X-factor values? 4. Why are the results of research on managers' values ambiguous? 5. Describe the meaning of managerial pragmatism. How does this connect with Value Cluster ll? 6. How do the ethical climates discovered by Victor and Cullen differ? Can you illustrate (preferably from your own experience) these climates? 7. How might an individual's values be reshaped? 8. What might account for the stunted moral reasoning of many managers