Please review the attached images and then answer the questions below

Appendix Dependent Variable Pro-Immigration Sentiments. The pro-immigration variable" consists of the follow- ing two items: immameco ("immigrants are generally good for America's economy") and "Although the two items employed here do not include the term "legal immigrants," such a meaning can be inferred from the phraseology of each question; indeed, there is another variable in the 2014 GSS data 1482 Social Science Quarterly immideas ("immigrants make America more open to new ideas and cultures"). The re- sponse categories' for immameco and immideas are as follows: agree strongly = 5, agree = 4, neither agree nor disagree = 3, disagree = 2, and disagree strongly = 1. The two items were then combined to create a pro-immigration index (mean interitem correlation = 0.485; mean = 3.41; standard deviation [SD] = 0.946). Independent Variables Patriotism. In the current study, the GSS items used to measure perceptions of patri- otism and nationalism are based on validated scales employed by Ariely (2011), Raijman et al. (2008) and Davidov (2009). Patriotism consists of the following three items: proud- dem ("How proud are you of America in the way its democracy works?"); proudsss ("How proud are you of America in the way its social security system works?"); and proudgrp ("How proud are you of America in its fair and equal treatment of all groups in society?"). The response categories for all three items are: very proud = 4, somewhat proud = 3, not very proud = 2, not proud at all = 1. These items were then combined to create a patriotism index (mean inter-item correlation = 0.318; mean = 2.54; SD = 0.814). Nationalism. Nationalism consists of three items: ifwrong ("Generally speaking, people should support America even if the country is in the wrong"), ambetter ("Generally speak- ing, America is a better country than most other countries"), and belikeus ("The world would be a better place if people from other countries were more like Americans"). The response categories are: agree strongly = 5, agree = 4, neither agree nor disagree = 3, disagree = 2, and disagree strongly = 1. These items were then combined to form a nationalism index (mean interitem correlation = 0.259; mean = 3.09; SD = 0.845).Xenophobic Attitudes. The measurement of xenophobia in the current study is based on validated scales from prior research (Ariely, 2011, 2012). It consists of the following items: immcrime ("immigrants increase crime rates"), immcult ("American culture is generally undermined by immigrants"), and immjobs ("immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in America"). The response categories are: agree strongly = 5, agree = 4, neither agree nor disagree = 3, disagree = 2, and disagree strongly = 1. These items were then combined to form a xenophobia index (mean interitem correlation = 0.367; mean = 2.58; SD = 0.863). Citizen of the World. This variable is denoted by a single item: citworld ("I feel more like a citizen of the world than of any country"). The response categories are: agree strongly = 5, agree = 4, neither agree nor disagree = 3, disagree = 2, and disagree strongly = 1 (mean = 2.62; SD = 1.18). set that specifically addresses illegal immigration, which is represented by the acronym excidimm ("America should exclude illegal immigrants ). In the original GSS data set, the survey items employed in the current study were coded such that lower scores reflected higher levels of the attributes being tested. As a result, the items used for the dependent and independent variables have been reverse coded, so that higher scores now reflect higher levels of the attributes being examined. Attitudes Toward Immigrants and Immigration 1483 Control Variables Control variables are known to affect attitudes toward immigrants and immigration (Ariely, 2012; Ceobanu and Escandell, 2010); they also help to obviate spuriousness (Pryce, Johnson, and Maguire, 2017). The following control variables-age, sex, and educational level-were employed in the current study: Age (measured in years). Sex: This variable was recoded as: female = 0, male = 1. Degree: Less than high school = 0, high school = 1, junior college = 2, bachelor's degree = 3, graduate degree = 4.Finally, in Model 5, world citizen was added to the regression model. Once again, except for nationalism, all the variables were statistically significantly related to pro-immigration attitudes: patriotism (B = 0.131, p