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Suppose there are two firms, Walmart and Tesla. Both firms have the same cash flows in year 1: $300M if the economy is strong, and $150M if the economy is weak. Both scenarios are equally likely. The firms are identical except for their capital structure. Tesla is unlevered and has 10M shares outstanding which are currently trading at a market price of $20.50. Walmart has corporate bonds outstanding with a market value of $100M and a credit rating of AAA, as well as 5M shares at a current market price of $20.00. You can ignore taxes. a) What is the market capitalization and D/E ratio of Walmart and Tesla? b) Does M&M proposition I hold? Explain. c) Suppose you can borrow at the risk-free interest rate of 5%. Is there an arbitrage opportunity available using homemade leverage? If yes, present a detailed strategy to exploit the arbitrage opportunity. d) What is the expected rate of return of Walmart's equity? e) What is going to happen to Walmart's and Tesla's stock prices if many traders execute the arbitrage strategy you proposed in (c)? Explain. Year End Dividends Paid* S&P 500 Realized Return Microsoft Realized Return 1-Month T-Bill Return 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 S&P 500 Index 1211.92 1248.29 1418.3 1468.36 903.25 1115.1 1257.64 1257.61 1426.19 1848.36 2058.9 2043.94 2238.83 2673.61 23.15 27.16 27.86 21.85 27.19 25.44 26.59 32.67 39.75 42.47 43.45 49.56 53.99 4.90% 15.80% 5.50% -37.00% 26.50% 15.10% 2.10% 16.00% 32.40% 13.70% 1.40% 12.00% 21.80% -0.90% 15.80% 20.80% -44.40% 60.50% -6.50% -4.50% 5.80% 44.30% 27.60% 22.70% 15.10% 40.70% 3.00% 4.80% 4.70% 1.50% 0.10% 0.10% 0.00% 0.10% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.20% 0.80% Suppose there are two firms, Walmart and Tesla. Both firms have the same cash flows in year 1: $300M if the economy is strong, and $150M if the economy is weak. Both scenarios are equally likely. The firms are identical except for their capital structure. Tesla is unlevered and has 10M shares outstanding which are currently trading at a market price of $20.50. Walmart has corporate bonds outstanding with a market value of $100M and a credit rating of AAA, as well as 5M shares at a current market price of $20.00. You can ignore taxes. a) What is the market capitalization and D/E ratio of Walmart and Tesla? b) Does M&M proposition I hold? Explain. c) Suppose you can borrow at the risk-free interest rate of 5%. Is there an arbitrage opportunity available using homemade leverage? If yes, present a detailed strategy to exploit the arbitrage opportunity. d) What is the expected rate of return of Walmart's equity? e) What is going to happen to Walmart's and Tesla's stock prices if many traders execute the arbitrage strategy you proposed in (c)? Explain. Year End Dividends Paid* S&P 500 Realized Return Microsoft Realized Return 1-Month T-Bill Return 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 S&P 500 Index 1211.92 1248.29 1418.3 1468.36 903.25 1115.1 1257.64 1257.61 1426.19 1848.36 2058.9 2043.94 2238.83 2673.61 23.15 27.16 27.86 21.85 27.19 25.44 26.59 32.67 39.75 42.47 43.45 49.56 53.99 4.90% 15.80% 5.50% -37.00% 26.50% 15.10% 2.10% 16.00% 32.40% 13.70% 1.40% 12.00% 21.80% -0.90% 15.80% 20.80% -44.40% 60.50% -6.50% -4.50% 5.80% 44.30% 27.60% 22.70% 15.10% 40.70% 3.00% 4.80% 4.70% 1.50% 0.10% 0.10% 0.00% 0.10% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.20% 0.80%
