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A pitot tube is a device that measures the velocity of a fluid, typically the airspeed of an aircraft. The failure of the pitot tube was credited as the cause of Austral Lineas Areas flight 2553's crash in October 1997. The pitot tube was frozen, causing the instrument to give a false reading of slowing speed. As a result, the pilots thought the plane was slowing down, so they increased the speed and attempted to maintain their altitude by lowering the wing slats. Actually, they were flying at such a high speed that one of the slats ripped off, causing the plane to nosedive; the plane crashed at a speed of 745 miles per hour [mph]. ! In the pitot tube, as the fluid moves, the velocity creates a pressure difference between the ends of a small tube. The tubes are calibrated to relate the pressure measured to a specific velocity, using