Pls answer all the questions in full answers and preferably typed out.

A2 1. Suppose you are inside a windowless railway car. A billiard table is at the centre of the car. a. While rolling a cue ball forward, you notice that the ball slows down suddenly, even though you have not applied a backward force on the ball. Explain the motion of the ball in terms of inertial or non-inertial frames of reference. b. While rolling a cue ball forward, you notice that the ball rolls to the right, even though you have not applied a sideways force on the ball. Explain the motion of the ball in terms of inertial or noninertial frames of reference. 2. Do Newton's laws remain unchanged for an observer in a different inertial frame? 3. Suppose an astronaut in a rocket moving at 0.5c along Earth's surface shines a light forward from the rocket. a. Calculate the speed of the light compared to that of the astronaut. b. Calculate the speed of the light compared to that of Earth's surface. 4. You are travelling in a spacecraft without windows. You are also far from any planets or stars. Describe an experiment that you could perform to determine: a. whether you are at rest or moving at a constant velocity. b. whether you are in an inertial or a non-inertial frame of reference.A1 Table 1 Fermions building blocks of matter; spin = NI- Leptons Quarks Name Charge Mass Name Charge Mass (me) (me) electron - 1 up 20 electron neutrino 0 down 20 muon -1 200 charm 3 000 WI - WIN W / - W/ N W / - W / N muon neutrino 0 ~0 strange 300 tau -1 3 600 top 350 000 tau neutrino 0 ~0 bottom 11 000 Bosons carriers of forces Name Spin Force photon electromagnetic force W+, Wo, and Z bosons 1 weak nuclear force gluons (8 different types) - strong nuclear force graviton 2 gravitational force 1. Table 1 lists 16 fundamental particles according to the standard model. (a) Explain how you can say that there are 48 different fermions. (b) How many different particles exist in the standard model? 3. In what way(s) is the standard model crude? 4. (a) What is unified by the GUTs? (b) Briefly describe the typical means of achieving this unification