p=m/V P =F/A P = Pc + pgh AV, = A_ V2 Pitpghty pv,? = P2 + pg h, + h pv' https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/cheerpi/fluid-pressure-and-flow/latest/fluid-pressure-and-flow.html?simulation=fluid-pressure-and-flow Open the link. Upper right: click on Ruler and Grid. Lower right: click on Fluid Density and Gravity to read these values. The pressure meter gives it in "kPa" or kilopascals. Note that 1 atmosphere "1 atm" is approximately 1.01365 Pa = 101.3 kPa. 1.a. Record: density p = _ kg/m', gravity g =. m/$2. 1.b Pressure meter records absolute pressure P = Ps + p gh, at its bottom point. Place its point just above the surface of the water. It reads, P = 101.3 _kPa (6 sig figs). Is this 1 atm? Yes/No. 1.c. Move meter to bottom, and just at this lower surface (see figure), P = _ kPa (4 sig figs). 1.d. Calculate depth "h" from P = Pc+ pgh, h=_ m (4 sig figs). Is this very close visually to the depth given by the ruler (use depth = bottom surface - upper surface heights), Yes/No. Click Reset All. For the calculation in 1d, you will need to multiply all pressure meter measurements by 1,000 to have them in proper Pa units. Click on the middle icon (upper left) ILLE. Click only on Grid. Pascal's Law "the pressure everywhere at the same depth has the same value". Here, a vessel with 4 slanted sides, connected at its bottom. 2.a. Use the slider beneath the simulation to entirely drain all the water out. Use the pressure meter to measure the pressure "both sides, left and "right" at the bottom of the vessel. Both pressures the same? Yes/No. At both, P = 101.3__ kPa (6 sig figs). 2..b. Use the slider on the faucet handle to put a very low water level in (and stop) at about the level shown. Is the water seeking its own level "on left side and right sides"? Yes/No. Does the meter have the same value of pressure on left and right sides? Yes/No. 2.c. Continue filling with faucet handle until both sides are "as close as is possible" to 1.5 m deep (just as in the figure). Record the pressure value 0.5 m below the surface as is shown, right side P = kPa (4 sig figs). At the same depth, left side P = kPa (4 sig figs). 2.d. Record the pressure value at the vessel's bottom, right side P = kPa (4 sig figs) At the same depth, left side P =_ kPa (4 sig figs). Does this verify Pascal's Law? Yes/No. Click Reset All. Click on the right hand icon (upper left) . Click on Grid. Buoyancy. T1 = T2 + B B= mjigg = Pliq Vobj g T1 = mobj g f= Pobj/ Pliq Pwater = 1000 kg/ml 3.a. Bring the meter down to the water's surface (as shown, barely touching it). Record the pressure Pa = 101.3 _ kPa (6 sig figs). This should read as is shown. 3.b. Bring the meter down to the vessel's lower surface and record P =_ kPa (4 sig figs). 3.c. Depth calculation, P = Pc+ pgh, h=_ m (4 sig figs). Here Po and P must be in Pa, not kPa. Bring the meter back up to the upper surface of the right container. Pick up the 500 kg mass, and drop it in the "water column on the left". Watch and it will "bob up and down" a bit as it settles. The water level has risen, and you can see this with the meter's tip on the right, it's just under the surface. 4.a. Bring the meter up to the water's surface (as shown, barely touching it). Record the pressure P = 101.3 _kPa (6 sig figs). This should read as is shown. 4.b. Bring the meter down to the vessel's lower surface and record P =_ kPa (4 sig figs). 4.c. Depth calculation, P = Ps+ pgh, h=_ _ m (4 sig figs). Here Po and P must be in Pa, not kPa. 4.d. The upper surface of the 500 kg mass on the left, closely matches the height of the water's surface on the right. Does this imply that the object on the left has its upper surface at water level, that it is barely 100% submerged? Yes/No. If so, then "f" the fraction submerged, is f = 1.0. Given that f = Pobj / Pliq does this imply that the object on the left has the same density as water (being barely 100% submerged)? Yes/No. 4.e. If the object had been lowered into the water with a cable, before entering the water, calculate T1 = N. 4.f. If its density is the same as water, and its mass is as well, calculate B = mjigg =. N. Then, T2 = N.Click on the Flow tab (upper left). Click on Ruler (upper right). A, V, = A, V2 P, + pgh, + / pv,? = P,+ pghz+ / pv,? Conversions to metric: L/s needs to be m3/s, so + by 1000, and kPa needs to be Pa, so x by 1000. Measurements using the ruler, and Speed and Pressure meters, are very critical. Please do the "best you can" per the figures. Dots 1.6 m/'s 5.a. figure 5.b. figure 5.a. Measure the pipe's inside diameter with the ruler as is shown, getting 2.0 m. Then r =_ m. Pull the Speed meter into the flow, which is water, and vi = _ . m/s. 5.b. Critical setup: pull the right-hand 3 handles down as is shown, with the middle one at 1.0 m diameter. The flow speed v1 is 1.6 m/s to the left, measure it just downstream of the ruler, V2 = m/s. Using "A = It r2", calculate it from A, V1 = Az V2, V2 = _m/s. Do measured and calculated speeds verify one another? Yes/No. 5.c. Height and pressure measurements, where r1 = 1.0 m. Place the ruler as shown. It is measuring "hi" in the pipe. Each tic mark is .2 m. Three tic marks up is h1 =_ m. Place the lower tip of the Pressure meter at this height, as is shown. Measure the pressure here in Pa, P1 = Pa (6 sig figs, convert from kPa). 5.d. Height and pressure measurements, where ry = 0.5 m. Place the ruler as shown to measure "hz" in the pipe (each tic mark is .2 m). Three tic marks up is hy = _m. Place the lower tip of the Pressure meter at this height, as is shown. Measure the pressure here in Pa, . ." . P2 = Pa (6 sig figs, convert from kPa). Bernoulli's Equation is, p1 + pghi+ % pv,' = Pz+ pg hz + % pv2 calculation. Water has p = 1000 kg/m'. We will calculate the left and right sides separately. 5.e. Left side terms (three, then the result of adding them) P1 pghi (6 sig figs) 5.f. Right side terms (three, then the result of adding them) P2 pg hz (6 sig figs) 5.g. Are the two above final results fairly "close"? Yes/No. 5.h. Volume flow rate through narrow portion: Using A1 V1 = Az V2 the volume flow rate here is "A, V2" = m'/s. (4 sig figs)