Police Ofcer Berkel, with the permission of the landlord, entered a crawl space under Paul Parrott's rst oor apartment. The crawl space is used when repairing pipes and wiring, but neither the tenants nor the public has regular access to it. Ofcer Berkel spent two hours in the space and heard Parrott engage in what appeared to be numerous conversations about laundering money and providing funds to support terrorist activities. Was the information obtained by Berkel accomplished through a search within the meaning of the 4th Amendment? Provide your legal reasoning