Pre-school Attendance and Pre-algebra Achievement In these times of educational reform, attention has been focused on pre-school for all children. Since many districts are facing budget cuts, funding pre-school programs may impact other offerings. Before making their recommendations, administrators in a large urban district take a random sample of 50 seventh graders and compare the pre-algebra achievement levels of those who attended pre-school and those who did not. If achievement is independent of attending pre-school then the proportions at each level should be equal. Use the counts in the frequency table to determine if there is an association between attending pre-school and pre-algebra achievement. Below grade level At grade Level Advanced Pre-school 8 6 6 No Pre-school 6 15 19 P DF 0.995 0.975 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.025 1 .0004 .00016 1.642 2.706 3.841 5.024 2 0.01 0.0506 3.219 4.605 5.991 7.378 3 0.0717 0.216 4.642 6.251 7.815 9.348 4 0.207 0.484 5.989 5 0.412 0.831 6 0.676 1.237 7 0.989 1.69 8 1.344 2.18 9 1.735 10 2.156 8.558 10.645 9.803 12.017 11.03 13.362 2.7 12.242 14.684 3.247 13.442 15.987 7.779 7.289 9.236 11.07 12.833 12.592 14.449 14.067 16.013 17.535 15.507 16.919 19.023 9.488 11.143 18,307 20.483