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PROBLEM: Researchers designed an experiment to study the effects of caffeine withdrawal. They recruited 11 volunteers who were diagnosed as being caffeine dependent to
PROBLEM: Researchers designed an experiment to study the effects of caffeine withdrawal. They recruited 11 volunteers who were diagnosed as being caffeine dependent to serve as subjects. Each subject was barred from coffee, colas, and other substances with caffeine for the duration of the experiment. During one 2-day period, subjects took capsules containing their normal caffeine intake. During another 2-day period, they took placebo capsules. The order in which subjects took caffeine and the placebo was randomized. At the end of each 2-day period, a test for depression was given to all 11 subjects. Researchers wanted to know whether being deprived of caffeine would lead to an increase in depression. 34 The table displays data on the subjects' depression test scores. Higher scores show more symptoms of depression. Subject 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Depression (caffeine) 5 5 4 3 8 5 0 0 2 11 1 Depression (placebo) 16 23 5 7 14 24 6 3 15 12 0 305 =0.200 20.0%. Do the data provide convincing evidence at the a=0.051526 a = 0.05 significance level that caffeine withdrawal increases depression score, on average, for subjects like the ones in this experiment?
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