PROBLEMS 1.1. For the quantitative variables that follow, give the lower and upper limits. For the qualitative variables, write "qualitative." a. Seconds required to work puzzle-65 b. Identification number for mild mental retardation in the American Psychiatric Association manual-317 c. Category of daffodils in a flower show-5 d. High School Advanced Placement Examination score- 4 e. Milligrams of aspirin- 81 1.2. Write a paragraph that gives the definitions of population, sample, parameter, and statistic and the relationships among them. 1.3. Two different techniques are called statistics today. Fill in the blank with one of them. a. To reach a conclusion about an unmeasured population, use statistics. b. statistics take chance into account to reach a conclusion. C. statistics are numbers or graphs that summarize a set of data. 1.6. Identify the scale of measurement in each of the following cases. a. Geologists have a "hardness scale" for identifying different rocks, called Mohs' scale. The hardest rock (diamond) has a value of 10 and will scratch all others. The second hardest will scratch all but the diamond, and so on. Talc, with a value of 1, can be scratched by every other rock. (A fingernail, a truly handy field-test instrument, has a value between 2 and 3.) b. The volumes of three different cubes are 40, 64, and 65 cubic inches. c. Three different highways are identified by their numbers: 40, 64, and 65. d. Republicans, Democrats, Independents, and Others are identified on the voters' list with the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. e. The winner of the Miss America contest was Miss California; the four runners-up were Miss Ohio, Miss Illinois, Miss Pennsylvania, and Miss Michigan.13 f. The prices of the three items are $3.00, $10.00, and $12.00. g. She earned three degrees: B.A., M.S., and Ph.D. 1.7. Undergraduate students conducted the three studies that follow. For each study identify the dependent variable, the independent variable, the number of levels of the independent variable, and the names of the levels of the independent variable. a. Becca had students in a statistics class rate a resume, telling them that the person had applied for a position that included teaching statistics at their college. The students rated the resume on a scale of 1 (not qualified) to 10 (extremely qualified). All the students received identical resumes, except that the candidate's first name was Jane on half the resumes and John on the other half. b. Michael's participants filled out the Selfism scale, which measures narcissism. (Narcissism is neurotic self-love.) In addition, students were classified as first-born, second-born, and later-born. c. Johanna had participants read a description of a crime and "Mr. Anderson," the person convicted of the crime. For some participants, Mr. Anderson was described as a janitor. For others, he was described as a vice president of a large corporation. For still others, no occupation was given. After reading the description, participants recommended a jail sentence (in months) for Mr. Anderson
