Procedures that are used to decide whether to take life, liberty, or property are the focus of constitutional provisions covering

a$.$ equal protection.

b$.$ procedural due process.

c$.$ substantive due process.

d$.$ the commerce clause.

A law that limits the liberty of all persons to engage in a certain activity may violate constitutional provisions covering

a$.$ equal protection.

b$.$ procedural due process.

c$.$ substantive due process.

d$.$ the supremacy clause.

A law that restricts most vendors from doing business in a high$-$traffic area might be upheld under constitutional provisions covering

a$.$ equal protection.

b$.$ procedural due process.

c$.$ substantive due process.

d$.$ the free exercise clause.

Congress enacts a law covering airports. If a state enacts a law that directly conflicts with this federal law,

a$.$ both laws are valid.

b$.$ neither law is valid.

c$.$ the federal law takes precedence.

d$.$ the state law takes precedence.