Professor Foley conducted a cola taste test. Each participant in the experiment first tasted 2 ounces of Coca-Cola, then 2 ounces of Pepsi, and finally 2 ounces of Sam's Choice Cola. The cola was placed in the same type of cup to conceal the type of cola. Each cup had 2 ice cubes so the temperature of the cola was the same. A rating of the cola's flavor was made after each taste.

Help him identify a research question.

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What is the independent variable?

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What is the dependent variable?

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What design is Professor Foley using (independent groups, repeated measures, or matched pairs design)?

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Choose one of the other design choices from the question above and explain how Professor Foley could use that design instead of the one that he did use? How might this design alter the results of the study? Which design is better to use for this study?

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Professor Foley collects the following data:

Participant	Coca-Cola	Pepsi	Sam's Choice Cola
1	8	4	1
2	7	5	4
3	6	3	7
4	8	5	2
5	7	4	8
6	9	3	1
7	8	9	9
8	2	4	1
9	7	6	1
10	9	4	3
11	8	5	2
12	4	3	1
13	7	4	4
14	6	5	5
15	9	6	3
16	8	3	2
17	7	4	6
18	8	5	3
19	5	3	4
20	8	5	5

Using the data provide above, calculate the following descriptive statistics:

	Coca-Cola	Pepsi	Sam's Choice Cola
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
Standard Deviation

HINT: For standard deviation, copy and paste the data into excel and use a command to calculate standard deviation. There is also a formula you can use to manually calculate standard deviation in the readings for this week.

what is a frequency distribution for this data:

what is a histogram for this data:

Using the analyses of the data, answer the following questions:

Based on your calculations, what are the results of the study?

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What statistical test would be used to assess this research question? Explain how this test would be used to analyze the data.

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HINT: Consider the number of groups (i.e. flavors of cola) that this study has.

What is the answer to the research question, based on these results?

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Identify one concern with reliability or validity.

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Suggest a solution to the reliability/validity concern identified above.

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