Programming in R Required (PLEASE SOLVE ALL QUESTIONS)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ## Section 1

Suppose the District of Columbia has data on recent traffic stops by some Metropolitan Police Department officers. The data are in two data sets, available as StopsData11 and StopsData21. Using these data, answer the following questions.

### Question 1

Which ward has the most stops? (2 points)

### Question 2

Create a plot that shows count of stops per ward. The ward with the most stops should be a different color (1 point)

### Question 3

Suppose the DC government enacted a policy that allows people with low incomes (less than $30,000 per year) to have their ticket amount reduced 20 to 40 percent. The goal of the new policy is to reduce the number of overdue tickets among low-income residents.

In this section, you will use the same traffic stop data as in Section I (StopsData11 and StopsData21), as well as data on the court outcomes of tickets (CourtsData1) and data on residents income (IncomeData). Use the four data sets to answer the following questions. All the data in this dataset is for AFTER the policy was implemented.

#### Part (a)

Is there a large difference between the ticket amounts for people with incomes less than $30,000 and those with incomes greater than or equal to $30,000? Is this difference statistically significant? Which category of income groups has a greater number of outliers? Do you think the policy was properly implemented? Explain your answer in a paragraph. (3 points)

#### Part (b)

You have been asked to determine whether the new policy has a detectable impact on residents' likelihood of paying on time. Explain the approach you took for your analysis (3 points)

#### Part (c)

The Chair of the Council's Committee on the Judiciary and Public Safety, Councilmember Allen, asks you for a recommendation on whether the policy should be expanded to include residents with incomes less than $60,000. In a paragraph or two, provide your answer. Your response should include an estimation of the size of the problem. Provide some indication of how confident you are in your response. (3 points)

### Question 4

#### Part (a)

Create 10 year bins for age, and graphically show which age bin is most likely to recieve a ticket. E.g. 10-20, 21-30. Is the data consistent with your expectations? (2 points)

#### Part (b)

Repeat part (a), this time also checking if gender plays a role in how likely one is to recieve a ticket at age group. Explain your findings. Are male drivers safer than female drivers? (1 point)