Project 1 Fractional Number Class

Part-1 for Five groups of member functions:

• Constructors (inc. string constructor)
• Getter/setters
• Math
• Type cast
• Friend << and >>

Part-2 for the explanation for the behavior observed by running the provided test pattern:

six (6) operations in one statement vs. six (6) operations in six (6) statements.

PROJECT 1 Frac Class

The following information, located on Github m03, are provided as a starter.

1. Frac.h, a complete Frac Class Declaration ( the definition is to be complete by you.)
2. testFrac_starter.cpp, a working program with partial Frac members defined to get you started.

Please follow the TODO List below to finish all Class definitions, and to expand the starter to exercise and verify all the Frac member methods.

What is the number Type?

In our daily life we use the Quantitative Numbers to represent the physical world, such as:

• Time or Angle in HMS (Hour-Minute-Second),
• Length in Feet-Inches,
• Floating Point Number in Mantissa and Exponent

For example, a floating number

123.45 = 1.2345 10⁺² (for 10-based)

• Mantissa: 1.2345 (normalized significant part of the value)
• Exponent: -2

The floating point number construction and operations are pretty complicated but using the floating point number type in C++ is pretty straight forward. Since all the commonly used floating number operators are defined (overloaded) to have the same look and feel like an integer data type.

What is a Fractional number?

The fractional numbers are figured out by two whole numbers (the fraction terms) that are separated by a horizontal line (the fraction line). The number above the line (the numerator) can be every whole number and the number below the line (the denominator) should be different from zero.

Here are some examples of some fractions: 3/4, 5/4,...

Project Requirement

The form and format the Fractional number to be used

In this project, We are only going to

(1) use two numbers: numerator over denominator to represent a fraction, no mixed numerals.

(2) allow the usage of the proper and improper fraction:

• Proper Fraction: the number is inferior to the denominator, for instance 3/4 ;
• Improper fraction: the numerator is superior to the denominator, for instance 9/2 ;

We are not going to use Mixed Fraction and Equivalent Fractions:

• Mixed Fraction or Mixed Numeral: it is composed of a whole part and a fractional one, for instance 2 1/3 ;
• Equivalent Fractions: fractions that keep on the same proportion of another fraction, for instance: 5/2 =10/4; All Fraction shall be the minimum number representation.

TODO List

To complete the definition of all Five (5) Required Frac class method groups:

1. Constructors: * you may combine the first 3 contructors below into one.

• default: numerator default as 0, denominator default as 1
• 1 argument: (int numerator) numerator only, denominator default as 1
• 2 arguments: (int numerator, int denominator)
• string constructor: (string s); where s in the format of "3/4"

2. Necessary getter and setters

3. Support the following operators:

• basic math: +, -, *. /
• pre and postfix ++ and --
• comparators: <, >, <=, >=, !=, ==

4. Type conversion operators, for Frac numbers to work with integers and fractional numbers:

int a = 1; float b = 2.2; Frac f, f2; f = b; f2 = f-a;

5. overload friend iostream insertion <<, and extraction >> operator

After successfully completed the definitions of the above 5 groups of methods:

6. include the Special ++/-- Test Pattern (inside the testFrac_starter.cpp) as part of your final test program.

After successfully implemented and executed your program:

7. Final Check List
   • To complete all method's definition based on the following member method declaration of the Frac Class for Project 1. (the declaration only Frac.h in Github m03 folder)
   • Complete the testFrac.cpp program (testFrac_starter.cpp is provided in Github). Please expand the tester to make sure all the Frac member methods are verified with your own tester.
   • Make sure no error or any unverified member methods (point deduction)
   • Provide the reason/explanation on why the increment/decrement test sequence (one statement vs 6 statements) produce different outcome.

The GitHub m03 is below:

Frac.h (header)

// Function Prototypes for Overloaded Stream Operators
	// Forward declaration needs to be filled
	// if multifiles are used, make sure to place the inclusion guard.
	#include
	class Frac;
	ostream &operator << (ostream &, const Frac &);
	istream &operator >> (istream &, Frac &);
	class Frac {
	private:
	int num, den;
	long gcd(long a, long b)
	Frac lowterms(Frac &f);
	public:
	Frac();
	Frac(string s);
	Frac(int num_, int den_);
	Frac(const Frac& rhs);
	Frac operator=(const Frac& rhs);
	// math + - * must be minimum term, i.e. no 2/8
	Frac operator + (Frac &rhs);
	Frac operator - (Frac &rhs);
	Frac operator * (Frac &rhs);
	Frac operator / (Frac &rhs);
	// increment ++ decrement --
	Frac operator++();
	Frac operator++(int);
	Frac operator--();
	Frac operator--(int);
	// comparators
	bool operator == (Frac &f2);
	bool operator != (Frac &f2);
	bool operator < (Frac &f2);
	bool operator > (Frac &rhs);
	bool operator <= (Frac &f2);
	bool operator >= (Frac &f2);
	// overloading >> << stream operators
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& strm, Frac& f);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& strm,const Frac& f) {
	};

testFrac_starter.cpp (file)

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// This starter is a one-file all inclusive test appliation.
	// This starter combines with the necessary Frac definition.
	// Do not re-include the Frac.h
	// If you prefer a multiple file approach, separte them cleanly.
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	#include
	#include
	#include // stringstream
	using namespace std;
	class Frac;
	ostream &operator<< (ostream &stm, Frac const &rhs);
	class Frac {
	long num;
	long den;
	public:
	// Frac() { num=0; den=1; }
	Frac() : num(0), den(1) {}
	Frac(long n, long d) {num=n; den=d;}
	Frac(const Frac &obj) {*this = obj;}
	void operator=(const Frac &rhs) {
	num = rhs.num; den = rhs.den;
	} // Frac a = b;
	// string constructor is challenging, worth 2 pts, try your best!
	Frac(string s);
	// math operators
	Frac operator+(const Frac &rhs) {
	Frac temp;
	temp.num = num*rhs.den + rhs.num*den;
	temp.den = den*rhs.den;
	// need to apply lower term by / gcd here
	return temp;
	}
	// postfix increment operator ++ --
	Frac operator++() {
	num += den;
	// lowterms(*this);
	return *this; }
	Frac operator--() {
	num -= den;
	// lowterms(*this);
	return *this; }
	// overload ostream insertion operator<<
	friend ostream &operator<< (ostream &stm, Frac const &rhs) {
	stm << rhs.num << "/" << rhs.den; }
	};
	int main() {
	Frac x(3,4);
	Frac y(1,2);
	cout << " Created Frac x(3,4) as " << x;
	cout << " Created Frac y(1,2) as " << y;
	// Turn on this one when you completed the definition of string constructor
	// Frac s("6/7"); // passing a Frac number as a string.
	// cout << " String constructed: s: " << s;
	Frac z(x);
	cout << " Copy constructed z as x: " << z;
	Frac v = x + y;
	cout << " x + y is: " << v;
	cout << " Please observe the outputs of identical commands "
	<< " executed in one statement v. separated statements. ";
	Frac f(5,6);
	cout << f << " " // start
	<< --f << " "
	<< f << " "
	<< ++f << " "
	<< --f << " "
	<< ++f << endl; // end of one statement
	cout << f << " " ;
	cout << --f << " " ;
	cout << f << " " ;
	cout << ++f << " " ;
	cout << --f << " " ;
	cout << ++f;
	cout << " Why the above output values are not the same? ";
	}

thank you