Proponents of the bubble view believe that when using historical averages to estimate an equity premium, Group of answer choices:

1. the average should be based on the last 10 to 15 years of historical data only since earlier data is no longer descriptive of current conditions, e.g., bubbles

2. the equity premium will be higher after recent market surges

3. the average should be calculated using data from the earliest recorded point in time in order to ensure that any temporary bubbles are smoothed out

4. the equity premium will be lower after recent market surges