Public financial management $($PFM$)$ has been narrowly defined to cover the budget cycle, which

typically centers around $(1)$ budget formulation; $(2)$ budget execution; $(3)$ accounting and

reporting; and $(4)$ external security and audit. According to Lu and Willoughby $(2019)$ public

performance budgeting focises on the influence of performance measurement and evaluation on

all phases of the budgeting process. Briefly describe the budgeting formulation process of Ghana

and discuss how element of performance measurement and evaluation can be introduced.