pudiation c. neither (a) nor (b) d. both (a) and (b) plombs to shatitant sho wait Which countermeasure(s) is/are used to deal with attacks? a. Prevent b. Detect c. Recover d. All of the above tent ROM-DEHOR Short-Answer Questions Classify each of the following as a violation of confidentiality, of integrity, of availa or of some combination thereof. (a) John copies Mary's homework. (b) Paul crashes Linda's system. (c) Carol changes the amount of Angelo's check from $100 to $1,000. (d) Gina forges Roger's signature on a deed. (e) Jonah obtains Peter's credit card number and has the credit card company cancel the card and replace it with another card bearing a different account number. (f) Henry spoofs Julie's IP address to gain access to her computer. How do operating systems address security in the presence of adversaries? What's the goal of countermeasures for securing operating systems? What are the requirements for building a secure operating system? What are the components of an access control system? What is an access control and why is it necessary? What is the goal of a secure protection state? What's the difference between DAC and MAC and why DAC (used by traditional Unix) annot prevent modern attack scenarios? mand option