Q$1$

From a fluid mechanics perspective, what are the primary differences between solids and fluids, and

between liquids and gases?

Q$2$

Draw the velocity profiles to illustrate developing flow in a pipe. What is meant by entrance length?

Q$3$

How is the deformation gradient related to the velocity gradient?

Q$4$

Derive an expression demonstrating that shear stress is proportional to shear rate.

Q$5$

What is meant by a constitutive equation?

Q$6$

State a constitutive relationship between shear stress and shear rate for each of the following fluids

A $-$ Newtonian Fluid

B $-$ Pseudoplastic $($Shear Thinning$)$ Fluid

C $-$ Dilatant $($Shear Thickening$)$ Fluid

D $-$ Bingham Plastic

Q$7$

From a study of neutrophils in micro$-$pipettes, it is possible to measure apparent viscosity of the

cytoplasm. Using the following data, determine the rheological relationship that best describes the

behaviour of the cytoplasmic viscosity.

Q$8$

A non$-$Newtonian fluid gave the following test results

What type of fluid is this and determine the most appropriate model for the fluid behaviour.