Q$1.$ Refer to the figure below and identify the elements of communication. $[2]$

Printer

$1$

$2$

Switch

$q,**$ Hint: $1---->$ end device, $11---$ transmission media

Q$2.$ For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for a mesh, ring, bus, and star topology? Show the calculation. $[4]$

Q$3.$ Suppose there are $3$ academic buildings and $3$ administration buildings in your University campus. Administration buildings need to be connected with each other in such a way that the network is never down. $3$ academic buildings and $3$ administration buildings are connected using multipoint connections. Each academic building has $3$ computer labs. Each lab has $4$ computers. The computers in a single lab are connected using a backbone cable and the labs of a single building are connected using star topology. There is a conference room in administrative building $1$ where $6$ computers are connected in such a way that each computer has a dedicated point$-$to$-$point connection with only two computers on either side of it$.$

Draw your campus's hybrid topology. How many links will there be if the transmission mode is fullduplex? In the topology drawn, identify one possible problem or failure and justify your answer. $[6]$

Q$4.$ How do we represent data? Name two different data types and their standards. $[2]$