Q1: Anchoring experiment [24 marks] Students in ENV3278 were asked to guess \"the percentage of countries in the United Nations (UN) that are in Africa" to replicate a famous experiment from psychology to investigate a phenomenon called \"Anchoring\". Before being asked the question above, each student was given some prior information in the form of a \"random number" between X=1 and X=100 and was asked whether their guess was higherilower than that number. Researchers would like to know whether the prior information has an impact on students' guesses, on average. To make the experiment simpler, students were randomly assigned one of two values for the prior information: X=12 and X=67. The mean guess for the X=12 group is 23.8 %, while the mean guess for the X=67 group is 36.1 %, and the distribution of guesses for both groups is shown below: 40 10 Frequency 8 o 1O l] 20 40 60 BO 1 00 AfricaPct Using appropriate statistical terminology, describe the two distributions above. [2 marks] Name two types of statistical method that could be used to compare the two groups. Which one is more appropriate for this data and why? [3 marks] What problems could arise if the researchers chose to use the less appropriate statistical method to analyze these data? [2 marks] Write appropriate hypotheses (Ho and HA) for the more appropriate statistical test above, writing one sentence to justify your choice of HA. [4 marks] After conducting the test in SPSS, the standardized test statistic (relative to the X=67 group) was 4.11. Write one sentence interpreting what this test statistic is telling us. [5 marks] '1 f) 9) h) Without using any technology or other aids, describe in words whether you think the P-value for this test would be higher, or lower, than a typical alpha level. Justify your answer. [3 marks] Write a one sentence conclusion to end the research project. [3 marks] Based on this conclusion, can you think of a real-world situation or example where the Anchoring phenomenon is (or could be) used in practice? [1 mark] Can you think of any potential problems with the experimental design that might impact the conclusions of this study? [1 mark]