Q1: Anders, Inc., has 10,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock (nonparticipating) and 40,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2019 and there were no issuance or repurchase during the past three years. There were no dividends declared in 2017. The board of directors declared and paid a $90,000 dividend in 2018 and $90,000 in 2019. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2019?

Q2: Hernandez Company has 490,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. During the year, Hernandez declared a 10% stock dividend when the market price of the stock was $30 per share. Four months later Hernandez declared a $.50 per share cash dividend. As a result of the dividends declared during the year, retained earnings decreased by how much?