Q1: Assume that three accountants have been selected to measure the income of a firm under two different income measurement systems. The results for the first income system (M1) were incomes of $3,000, $2,600, and $2,200. Under the second system (M2), results were $5,000, $4,000, and $3,000. Assume that users of accounting data believe that dividends of a year are equal to 75 percent of income determined by M1 for the previous year. Users also believe that dividends of a year are equal to 60 percent of income determined by M2 for the previous year. Actual dividends for the year following the income measurements were $3,000. Determine the objectivity and bias of each of the two measurement systems for the year under consideration. On the basis of your examination, which of the two systems would you prefer?

(please tell me the name of formula you use with an explanation