Q.1. Illustrate brief answer of the following questions. [CLO1] (i) Explain the industrial practices of reflux in atmospheric distillation column. [20 MARKS] (ii) List the undesirable content of crude oil and what potential problems they can cause? (iii) How to increase the end boiling point (EBP) without altering the initial boiling point (IBP) and vice versa? (iv) Discuss direct chlorination route in VCM production. (v) What is ASTM (5-95) gap? (vi) Discuss the types of the coke produced in a delayed Coker unit. (vii) How does the correlation index (CI) effects the concentration of paraffinic hydrocarbons in the fraction? (viii) What are operating variables of a crude desalter? (ix) By sketching, Show the route of conversion of vacuum residue (VR) into lube oil base stock. (x) Discuss the hydrogen requirements in a hydrotreatment unit