Q1; Read the case of Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd and answer the following:

1. Explain the material facts of the case.
2. Explain the difference between express and implied actual authority.
3. How did Denning MR define apparent authority and how did he explain the relationship between actual and apparent authority?
4. Did Richards have actual authority to enter into the contract on behalf of Brayhead Ltd?
5. Did Richards have apparent authority to enter into the contract on behalf of Brayhead Ltd?

Q2; Read the case of Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd and answer the following:

1. According to Diplock LJ, how do actual and apparent authority differ?
2. Did Kapoor have actual authority to engage the claimant?
3. Did Kapoor have apparent authority to engage the claimant?
4. All three judges agreed that apparent authority was based upon the doctrine of estoppel. Explain
5. how estoppel operates in relation to apparent authority.
6. According to Diplock LJ, what conditions must be established to demonstrate that an agent had
7. apparent authority to enter into a contract on behalf of the principal?