Q1) Which of the following statements is right in regard to the relationship between the probability (p) and Odds for an event in a population?

1. P = Odds;
2. P and Odds are not related
3. Odds usually is bigger than p (assuming p 0)
4. None of the above statements is right

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A study was conducted to assess the potential associations between incident hypertension and a group of potential predictors [including Age, Sex, Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BMI, and Current smoking status]. The data were analyzed using a multiple logistic linear regression model, and the outputs from a computer-based analysis were summarized as following (Table 9-30 in your text book). The significance level was set at 0.05.

Predictor variable Regression coefficient Chi square value p value

Intercept 18.416 746.103 0.0001

Age (years) 0.0533 95.004 0.0001

Sex* -0.2524 6.189 0.0129

SBP 0.0629 141.417 0.0001

DBP 0.0752 80.237 0.0001

BMI 0.0637 29.209 0.0001

Current smoker 0.3270 10.116 0.0015

*Gender is coded 1 = male and 0 = female. Current smoker is coded 1 = yes and 0 = no. The outcome variable is coded as Y = 1, with hypertension, and Y = 0, without hypertension.

Q2) For a male increased BMI by 1 unit, SBP by 5 units and DBP by 2 units in a very short period (as such, the Age and Current smoker were regarded as unchanged). What was the expected OR of having hypertension for this man before and after these changes? [In regard to rounding in your calculation, choose the answer identical or the closest to what you got!]

1. Cannot be decided
2. 0.5
3. 1.70
4. 8

Q3) What is the expected OR of having hypertension for two men who have the same Age, SBP, DBP, and BMI but different Current smoking statuses? [In regard to rounding in your calculation, choose the answer identical or the closest to what you got!]

1. Cannot be decided
2. 0.03
3. 5.23
4. 1.39