Q10 Brain Cancer Treatment 4 Points Consider the following two studies: Study 1: Between 1985 and 1988, Dr. Roy A. Patchell and colleagues investigated the effects of surgery followed by radiation versus radiation alone on cancer which has spread to the brain. The investigators recruited 48 consecutive patients referred for treatment at their hospital division at the University of Kentucky. They randomly assigned 25 patients to receive surgery with radiation and 23 patients to receive only radiation. (N Eng! J Med 1990; 322:494-500) Study 2: Between 2009 and 2012, Dr. Masaaki Yamamoto and colleagues investigated whether whole-brain radiation treatment is necessary for cancer which has spread to the brain, or if treatment can be limited to targeted radiation alone. The investigators enrolled a random sample of 1194 individuals across 23 hospitals in Japan. All patients were treated with targeted radiation; if deemed necessary, they were treated with whole-brain therapy as well. (Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 38795) 010.1 2 Points Which study or studies allow(s) us to more easily make a cause-and-effect conclusion? 0 Study1 0 Study 2 0 Both Study1 and Study 2 0 Neither Study 1 nor Study 2 can be used to make a cause-and-effect conclusion 010.2 2 Points Which study or studies allow(s) is more generalizable to the population of patients being treated for brain cancer? 0 Study1 is more generalizable 0 Study 2 is more generalizable 0 Study 1 and Study 2 are equally generalizable 0 Neither Study 1 nor Study 2 can be generalized