Q2. Perform and Interpret a t Test with SPSS (11 points total)

The researcher would like to know if memory function changes significantly from the first testing session (Mem1) to the second testing session (Mem2). Perform a two-tailed t test with = .05 to answer the following question:

Is memory in the second testing session significantly different from memory in the first testing session?

A. What type of t test should be performed to answer this question? What is your rationale?

(2 points total: 1 for each question)

B. Create alternative hypothesis and null hypothesis from the research question. Type the hypotheses out both in words and in symbol notations.

Hint: The hypotheses should be non-directional for the two-tailed test.

(2 points total: 1 for each hypothesis. If symbol notation or written format is missing or incorrect for a hypothesis, deduct .5)

C. Run the analysis in SPSS and answer the following questions based on the analysis results.

1. Paste all the output tables from SPSS for this test. No point will be earned for the rest of the questions in Q2 if the output tables are not pasted or are incomplete.

2. Use the SPSS output to calculate effect size, Cohens d. Must show the calculation process.

(2 points: deduct 1 if the process is correct but the calculation has errors.)

3. Report the t test result in symbols according to the APA standards, including t statistic with degree of freedom, p value, and effect size d.

-Present all the items in one single line, separated by commas, with the symbols italicized.

-Report p

(2 points: deduct .5 for each error in value or format up to 3 total)

4. What is your decision about the null hypothesis (reject or fail to reject)? What is your rationale? (2 points total: 1 for each answer)

5. What is the answer to the research question? What was the direction of change in memory function from the first session to the second session? (1 point: .5 for each question)

A B C D Educ Gender 1 MMSE 1 28 2 3 4 5 6 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 POPOOO OOOP 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 14 1 2 15 16 0 1 0 2 17 2 0 18 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 2 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 0 0 1 Sub ID 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 -44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 E F G I J Age1 EF1 Mem1 Age2 EF2 Mem2 65.8 84.44 104.63 74.2 83.66 98.63 28 66.9 79.88 107.01 75.3 83.95 97.30 29 76.9 80.11 97.29 85.3 84.14 88.30 29 79.9 100.42 86.77 88.4 83.02 81.73 26 67.5 85.39 93.40 75.9 85.63 90.27 28 84.1 97.59 102.19 92.5 84.77 102.34 29 72.6 89.75 98.31 81.0 86.86 88.20 30 75.6 108.95 112.20 84.0 88.39 115.71 28 79.6 100.00 105.89 87.9 91.56 95.77 26 78.0 100.05 103.75 86.5 91.88 95.03 26 66.3 97.63 102.19 74.6 92.36 100.37 29 65.1 95.63 93.70 73.4 94.94 94.29 30 67.2 98.52 101.30 75.7 91.94 97.49 29 69.0 103.15 103.59 77.5 92.23 89.37 28 78.9 89.73 84.34 87.2 85.37 86.44 26 69.4 91.22 95.18 77.7 93.47 86.93 27 65.3 97.38 107.04 73.6 93.82 107.36 28 73.6 93.71 98.42 82.1 95.97 92.77 28 78.4 96.87 111.80 86.7 98.37 103.91 30 69.6 101.35 93.83 77.9 95.70 94.43 29 65.8 97.42 105.60 74.1 97.70 96.34 30 74.0 103.69 73.39 82.5 97.01 69.25 29 67.6 101.29 103.55 75.9 96.10 104.07 29 69.5 110.68 96.13 78.0 98.44 82.63 28 67.0 107.64 114.53 75.3 97.65 114.87 30 69.9 103.58 108.73 78.2 99.35 102.84 28 66.6 112.89 95.89 74.8 103.51 94.90 29 66.1 101.16 80.11 74.3 102.16 80.88 29 65.2 100.29 92.13 73.5 101.17 91.85 29 76.8 111.00 111.96 85.0 102.72 106.24 29 75.4 91.38 100.01 83.7 106.53 102.08 28 66.7 105.13 113.34 74.9 103.69 111.89 30 65.5 102.57 113.51 73.7 101.06 110.02 30 72.8 102.72 102.92 81.0 100.46 100.72 28 76.5 107.08 100.49 84.7 106.55 93.43 28 72.9 96.14 102.46 81.1 99.71 99.21 30 69.7 95.35 107.18 77.8 106.20 105.08 30 66.0 110.68 107.62 74.1 113.33 100.30 29 71.4 111.41 100.00 79.5 109.73 103.97 30 75.8 114.54 110.02 83.9 113.29 111.17 27 65.4 118.57 85.77 73,5 114.41 84.28 30 67.0 110.52 97.02 75.1 102.80 96.76 29 69.2 97.80 108.46 77.3 106.67 95.26 28 69.3 107.44 104.39 77.4 115.46 103.42 30 68.1 117.27 83.58 76.5 117.59 82.74 29 67.5 123.48 107.63 75.6 105.52 105.91 30 67.8 116.20 96.51 76.2 117.65 93.98 30 73.0 108.14 104.82 81.1 106.30 101.21 30 71.9 117.73 109.02 80.3 120.05 103.62 29 68.3 93.19 114.60 76.4 90.55 108.18 26 2 1 1 27 28 29 30 2 1 0 2 0 0 31 32 33 34 35 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 2 2 36 37 38 39 40 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41 42 1 2 2 1 43 1 44 1 1 45 46 47 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 48 1 1 1 49 50 2 0 A B C D Educ Gender 1 MMSE 1 28 2 3 4 5 6 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 POPOOO OOOP 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 14 1 2 15 16 0 1 0 2 17 2 0 18 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 2 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 0 0 1 Sub ID 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 -44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 E F G I J Age1 EF1 Mem1 Age2 EF2 Mem2 65.8 84.44 104.63 74.2 83.66 98.63 28 66.9 79.88 107.01 75.3 83.95 97.30 29 76.9 80.11 97.29 85.3 84.14 88.30 29 79.9 100.42 86.77 88.4 83.02 81.73 26 67.5 85.39 93.40 75.9 85.63 90.27 28 84.1 97.59 102.19 92.5 84.77 102.34 29 72.6 89.75 98.31 81.0 86.86 88.20 30 75.6 108.95 112.20 84.0 88.39 115.71 28 79.6 100.00 105.89 87.9 91.56 95.77 26 78.0 100.05 103.75 86.5 91.88 95.03 26 66.3 97.63 102.19 74.6 92.36 100.37 29 65.1 95.63 93.70 73.4 94.94 94.29 30 67.2 98.52 101.30 75.7 91.94 97.49 29 69.0 103.15 103.59 77.5 92.23 89.37 28 78.9 89.73 84.34 87.2 85.37 86.44 26 69.4 91.22 95.18 77.7 93.47 86.93 27 65.3 97.38 107.04 73.6 93.82 107.36 28 73.6 93.71 98.42 82.1 95.97 92.77 28 78.4 96.87 111.80 86.7 98.37 103.91 30 69.6 101.35 93.83 77.9 95.70 94.43 29 65.8 97.42 105.60 74.1 97.70 96.34 30 74.0 103.69 73.39 82.5 97.01 69.25 29 67.6 101.29 103.55 75.9 96.10 104.07 29 69.5 110.68 96.13 78.0 98.44 82.63 28 67.0 107.64 114.53 75.3 97.65 114.87 30 69.9 103.58 108.73 78.2 99.35 102.84 28 66.6 112.89 95.89 74.8 103.51 94.90 29 66.1 101.16 80.11 74.3 102.16 80.88 29 65.2 100.29 92.13 73.5 101.17 91.85 29 76.8 111.00 111.96 85.0 102.72 106.24 29 75.4 91.38 100.01 83.7 106.53 102.08 28 66.7 105.13 113.34 74.9 103.69 111.89 30 65.5 102.57 113.51 73.7 101.06 110.02 30 72.8 102.72 102.92 81.0 100.46 100.72 28 76.5 107.08 100.49 84.7 106.55 93.43 28 72.9 96.14 102.46 81.1 99.71 99.21 30 69.7 95.35 107.18 77.8 106.20 105.08 30 66.0 110.68 107.62 74.1 113.33 100.30 29 71.4 111.41 100.00 79.5 109.73 103.97 30 75.8 114.54 110.02 83.9 113.29 111.17 27 65.4 118.57 85.77 73,5 114.41 84.28 30 67.0 110.52 97.02 75.1 102.80 96.76 29 69.2 97.80 108.46 77.3 106.67 95.26 28 69.3 107.44 104.39 77.4 115.46 103.42 30 68.1 117.27 83.58 76.5 117.59 82.74 29 67.5 123.48 107.63 75.6 105.52 105.91 30 67.8 116.20 96.51 76.2 117.65 93.98 30 73.0 108.14 104.82 81.1 106.30 101.21 30 71.9 117.73 109.02 80.3 120.05 103.62 29 68.3 93.19 114.60 76.4 90.55 108.18 26 2 1 1 27 28 29 30 2 1 0 2 0 0 31 32 33 34 35 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 2 2 36 37 38 39 40 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41 42 1 2 2 1 43 1 44 1 1 45 46 47 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 48 1 1 1 49 50 2 0