Q7: Compare the results from the simulations where the female preference was set to 0.1 but the type of predator (Pike vs. Rivulus) differed. Did the effect on the # of color spots depend upon the type of predator? If so, why? lounod (0010) soiqqup to osie noblelugoq prise Beiqquo Frill Q8: Now develop your own experiment and run it in this simulation. Describe your experiment - what question are you addressing and how did you investigate it? Adjust the guppy settings and predator settings and report them below. Briefly describe the results and whether it answers your research question. (0.1-0) hate ertl is atoga-list to redmun ogeneva What is your Research Question? -0) bnog ert ni benislave ed noo terll selqqup to 1edmun mumixam soff (0oa Define your Experimental Settings: lobnisi liw vagup s tori vilidedong onT dilshow Gentisom ert neris azel ruiw olem s jopjen lliw, plemol,s lagu boorlilewil only since due simulation start alogal 1819 me bnog ari ni abilidois exiq to redmun onT Results: on of Spots (graph) Histogram of the number of males by spots The mearbrieg ers if suluvia to edmon enTauluvia_ Average Number of Spots (graph) The percar Percent Format nun lliw Isbom ent axoit to redmun erIT Interpretation - do your results answer your question?Table 1: Controls for 'Endler's Guppies' simulation Action Control Starting population size of guppies (0-400) Init_Guppies The number of guppies hatched in a reproductive event (0-20) Brood_Size Average number of tail-spots at the start (0-1.0) Freq_Spots The maximum number of guppies that can be sustained in the pond (0- Guppy_K (500) The probability that a guppy will randomly die in 100 ticks ( 0-1.0) emiled Mortality The likelihood that a female will reject a male with less than the mean Fem_Pref spots The number of pike cichlids in the pond Num_Pike tellueof Num_Rivulus The number of Rivulus in the pond Run_Time The number of ticks the model will run Yrollesup wov 16wans alluser woy ob - hoffafergieinTable 2: Reporters for 'Endler's Guppies' simulation Reporter Description # Guppies The current population size of guppies Sex Ratio F:M The ratio of female to male guppies Moser, AL gelbna Ave # Spots The current mean number of spots among males St. Dev. Spotsthi ellawy The current standard deviation in the number of spots among males bevisam alright lla ,ded Yooloid jaunIV :0108 intomygod Generations The number of generations that have passed since the simulation start Distribution of Spots (graph) Histogram of the number of males by spots found that The mean number of spots among males over time Average Number of Spots (graph) The percent of the population that is female over time Percent Female (graph) KHP, or (6) sur higher RIP Delaviorel it Blog behavior (Parker sa / Robenon is 1231 assessment of RHP is therefore subject to Rohwer 1971 an individual could gain growth thatgo by sigmabreg that they portos very high UP when in fouthey do not, bulls Jingles that grapedrive fivals sunbeds 9Instructions 1) Read the information above and note that there are reference tables below for the different settings in the model (Tables 1-2 below) 2) Launch the simulation by going to the following website and clicking "Launch in Model" for Model 1 - Endler's Guppies (http://virtualbiologylab.org/selection/) 3) Familiarize yourself with the settings of the model by looking at the variables that are shown in the model and their definitions shown in Tables 1-2 below. 4) Run the 3 simulations shown below and answer the questions. Turn this in at the end of the discussion section.only noitobles lauxo sonsled a ed of Inguorid Figure 1: Screen shot of 'Endler's Guppies' simulation InT 60 180 Guppy Settings Or al Predators onoq lisme $ ni nall 910 Run Model hovo aajslumie leb PUDO 107 MinaTon DOME 19.40 nep eni to 180 med ON TOC B is boxlostis eis seique FOR 1 050 Distribution of Spots Average Number of spots "bivibni ns sqmoo Buon yd consists Polsmed .noue 18 lays erit to sense vard al songs gig aunt pea.seencu of si bris , efuloada ton NSimulation #1 Evolution of guppy color spot size in absence of predators and sexual selection 1) Leave the default guppy settings as they were when you entered the simulation ( except: a. Set the initial guppy population size ("Init-Guppy") to 100 veal (S b. Make sure that the mean frequency of color spots in the population is 0.5. B.0 This means that the mean # of color spots in the population was 5 ferll c. Make sure Mutation is set to 0.0015 d. Make sure that female preference for color spots (Fem Pref) is set to 0 2) Click "Go" to start the simulation. The model will run on its own. 3) Once the model has reached 20 generations (should take about 3 min), stop the (8 simulation again by clicking "Go" th aril cano ( 4) Use the graphs on the right-hand side to answer the following questions: ouslumia offw won (a Q1: What was the range of distribution of color spots (top graph) and the mean/average number of color spots at the end of your simulation? Write down the minimum, average, and maximum nevo grista bus tssword art to duo pabloilo yd niage noislumia edi heleen (a noitslumia erdt bereine uov nerdw snew veril as agnilies voque flustab erl evsoul (T geoko out of ('yqqua)-Jinl") exie nolislugoq vqqup lailini erl fee . Q2: At the beginning of the simulation, the average number of color spots was 5. Why do you think that the number of color spots did or did not change? If the number of color spots increased or decreased, provide an explanation. Where did this variation in color spots come from? Gqe toloo tonedmun ogrieve\\som endlisjenop OS merione 101 Jino one niggs novelumia eri nulol "05" eze19 (8 cenohsoup gaiwollot arb swans bnis nouslumia ard gole of nises "05 8abit (8 there is Q3: Your mutation rate was set to 0.0015, what happens if you increase this W number? Try it out by increasing the mutation rate and report what happens Insem mumixam basegrave muminim ordi below of 20 generations with noitslumia fill srit of ousgmos overd etoqeto redmun egeneva ard esob woll :30 Sawobno qu op ti biG feangielong elsmust on saw everts merlw WSimulation #2: Evolution of guppy color spot size in absence of predators Janlea suxur bon aw but positive sexual selection 1) Restart the simulation by clicking out of this browser and starting over except: 2) Leave the default guppy settings as they were when you entered the simulation a. Set the initial guppy population size ("Init-Guppy") to 100 RF168 b. Make sure that the mean frequency of color spots in the population is 0.5 c. Set the female preference for color spots ("Fem Pref") to 0.1. This means that 0 there is 10% chance a female will reject a male with fewer than the mean/average number of color spots in the population. 3) Click "Go" to start the simulation. The model will run on its own. 4) Once the model has reached 20 generations (should take about 3 min), stop the simulation again by clicking "Go" 5) Now write down the average number of color spots in the population a. Avg. # of color spots at end of 20 generations with "Fem Pref set to 0.1 W :10 web athW froilslumla woy To bris will is alega solon to evalfrom numisom bas jo 6) Restart the simulation again by clicking out of the browser and starting over 7) Leave the default guppy settings as they were when you entered the simulation except: a. Set the initial guppy population size ("Init-Guppy") to 100 b. Make sure that the mean frequency of color spots in the population is 0.5 c. Set the female preference for color spots ("Fem Pref') to 0.7. This means that bethere is 70% chance a female will reject a male with fewer than the to wodmun youshay air mean/average number of color spots in the population. 8) Press "Go" to run the simulation again and run it for another 20 generations 9) Press "Go" again to stop the simulation and answer the following questions: Q4: What was the range of distribution of color spots (top graph) and the TDY mean/average number of color spots at the end of your simulation? Write down woled the minimum, average, and maximum to 10 Q5: How does the average number of spots here compare to the first simulation where there was no female preference? Did it go up or down? 4on chevslugig grli homeine upverSimulation #3 Evolution of guppy color spot size in presence of predators 8.0 si nobalugon exit n and positive sexual selection 1) Restart the simulation by clicking out of this browser and starting over .d except: 2) Leave the default guppy settings as they were when you entered the simulation your a. Set the initial guppy population size ("Init-Guppy") to 100 b. Make sure that the mean frequency of color spots in the population is 0.5 C. Set the female preference for color spots ("Fem Pref') to 0.7. This means that there is 70% chance a female will reject a male with fewer than the mean/average number of color spots in the population. d. Put the number of Pike predators as 10 ("Num Pike" should be 10) 3) Click "Go" to start the simulation. The model will run on its own. 4) Once the model has reached 20 generations (should take about 3 min), stop the At simulation again by clicking "Go" 5) Now write down the average number of color spots in the population a. Avg. # of color spots at end of 20 generations with "Fem Pref" set to 0.7 and 3.0 "Num Pike" set to 10 qa rolos to voneupert neem or fart sie orsM .d Jeril ansem airIT .1.0 of (1919 mel") aloge toloo fot consistory olsmet orli fee . edi neri newst ww elsm s foster fliw elsmet s eonero for al everit .noBislugoq ertl ni atoge 10105 to redmun epmlevelsem 6) Restart the simulation again by clicking out of the browser and starting over .b 7) Leave the default guppy settings as they were when you entered the simulation except: ousisnep OS Tertions arif nut of "of" ese19(87 a. Set the initial guppy population size ("Init-Guppy") to 100 i nwob slimw woll(T bnis b. Make sure that the mean frequency of color spots in the population is 0.5 c. Set the female preference for color spots ("Fem Pref") to 0.1. This means that there is 10% chance a female will reject a male with fewer than the mean/average number of color spots in the population. d. Put the number of Pike predators as 10 ("Num Pike" should be 10) ne wolk(8 8) Press "Go" to run the simulation again and run it for another 20 generations 9) Now write down the average number of color spots in the population eris nerW :0 a. Avg. # of color spots at end of 20 generations with "Fem Pref" set to 0.1 and 08601 "Num Pike" set to 10 dmun ogrieves and bid 100? Did the average number of color spots increase, decrease, or stay the same when pike predators were present? Give a brief explanation of each scenario. 10vo gninste bas 10aword erit to tuo pnMollo yd niggs nouslumia or! haleaf( 6