Q9. What were the objectives of Montreal Protocol?

Q10. What are soil horizons?

Q11. What are the functions of Central Pollution Control Board?

Q12. Explain the concept of genetic diversity with examples.

Q13. How do sanitary landfills work?

Q14. What are the three pillars of Sustainable Development?

Q15. Explain the concept of Biomagnification.

Air pollution is not the only problem associated with urbanization. Human-made structures in urban areas can increase the amount of runoff reaching streams and lakes. (f) Describe how a common human-made structure found in urban areas contributes to urban runoff reaching streams and lakes. (g) Propose a solution to reduce the effects of urban runoff from the structure you described in part (g). (h) Justify the solution proposed in (h) by describing an additional benefit of your solution, other than reducing the effects of urban runoff.

In the early summer of 2015-2016 a number of severe bushfires caused extensive damage to both natural and human-made environments in southern parts of Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania.

(a) Various methods are used to reduce the risk of damage to property such as housing and farm buildings in areas where bushfires are a likely occurrence. Name one such method and explain how it can reduce the risk of damage from bushfires.

(b) Climate records show that the regions affected by these bushfires had experienced some of the lowest winter rainfall ever in 2015. Suggest two reasons why the very dry winter may have contributed to the number and severity of the fires.

Identify a process shown in the diagram that removes carbon from the atmosphere.

(b) For a process shown in the diagram that also plays a role in the hydrologic cycle, describe the role that process plays in the hydrologic cycle.

(c) Identify a process shown in the diagram that sequesters carbon from the atmosphere for a geological period of time.

(d) Explain how the rate at which fossil fuels are transferred into the atmosphere, as shown in the diagram, has altered the carbon cycle during the past 250 years.

(e) Identify an energy source in the diagram commonly used to produce electricity that also causes acid rain and describe how it causes acid rain.

(f) Describe a method for reducing the cause of acid rain you described in part (e).r