Question $1$

$1\mathrm{.}1$ Automation can be defined as the technology by which a process or procedure is accomplished without human assistance. It is implemented using a program of instructions combined with a control system that executes the instructions. An automated system consists of three basic elements: $(1)$ power to accomplish the process and operate the system, $(2)$ a program of instructions to direct the process, and $(3)$ a control system to actuate the instructions.

a$)$ Discuss how South African manufacturing industries can accomplish the implementation of automation given the challenges of power$/$energy$/$electricity supply in South Africa.

b$)$ Automation requires highly skilled personnel in different aspects. Discuss how you think South African education system should respond to the automation skills demand.

c$)$ According to Stats SA $(2023),$ South Africa recorded an unemployment rate of $31,9\%$ in the third quarter of $2023.$ Given this, how will automation affect employment in the manufacturing industry?