Question 1 (1 point)

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Which private prison company had the highest revenue in 2016?

Question 1 options:

	Management Training Corporation
	Corrections Corporation of America
	CoreCivic
	The GEO Group

Question 2 (1 point)

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What is the security level of U.S. penitentiaries?

Question 2 options:

	minimum
	high
	medium
	low

Question 3 (1 point)

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Which is NOT one of Petersilia's six collateral consequences of imprisonment?

Question 3 options:

	homelessness
	community cohesion
	prison overcrowding
	family stabilization

Question 4 (1 point)

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Which of the following calls for fixed sentences so that the punishment fits the crime?

Question 4 options:

	salient factor score
	just deserts model
	justice model
	discretionary parole

Question 5 (1 point)

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Which 1981 Supreme Court decision set forth that housing two inmates in a cell designed for one did not violate the Eighth Amendment's protection from cruel and unusual punishment?

Question 5 options:

	Bruscino v. Carlson
	Bell v. Wolfish
	Morrissey v. Brewer

Question 6 (1 point)

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Which of the following is NOT one of the ways the 2007 Second Chance Act proposed to ease the reentry process for individuals leaving prison?

Question 6 options:

	by providing job training
	by providing funding for prisoner mentoring programs
	by providing rehabilitative treatment
	by providing more personal liberty to the prisoners

Question 7 (1 point)

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Which of the following is one of the three "believed to be" causes of disparity identified by the Sentencing Project?

Question 7 options:

	overclassification
	structural advantages
	implicit bias
	racism

Question 8 (1 point)

Who was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons?

Question 8 options:

	Myrl E. Alexander
	Sanford Bates
	Harley G. Lappin
	Norman A. Carlson

Question 9 (1 point)

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Which U.S. penologist advocated the Irish system in the United States and became the first superintendent of the Elmira Reformatory?

Question 9 options:

	Alexander Maconochie
	Sanford Bates
	Sir Walter Crofton
	Zebulon R. Brockway

Question 10 (1 point)

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Which one of the following is a phenomena that contributes to the aging of the prison population?

Question 10 options:

	Exposure to the highly stressful environment in prison causes inmates to age prematurely.
	The overall U.S. population is aging and 32.2 percent of Americans were over age fifty in 2010.
	Sentencing guidelines take away judicial discretion to keep older offenders in community.
	Inmates are serving longer sentences in prison and therefore stay in prison until they are older.

Question 11 (1 point)

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Today's prison population being larger and more diverse than it was in the past is due to what?

Question 11 options:

	the incarceration of many property and drug offenders who previously were not sentenced to prison
	the larger proportion of offenders being white
	the prison population becoming "middle crime age" (age twenty-five to thirty-five) and physically and emotionally unhealthy
	the decreasing percentage of elderly offenders

Question 12 (1 point)

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Inmates in prison who do NOT have any specific designation as a special type of offender are known as ________.

Question 12 options:

	low security
	high security
	general population
	administrative segregation

Question 13 (1 point)

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Which is NOT part of the mission statement of most prisons?

Question 13 options:

	to prepare offenders for release and transition to the community
	to protect inmates and staff from harm in the prison environment
	to protect the public from further criminality, by not allowing inmates to escape
	to physically discipline inmates who break the rules

Question 14 (1 point)

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Which of the following classifications pertaining to "supervision and conditions of parole" requires three contacts per month with at least one positive contact?

Question 14 options:

	basic high
	intensive
	basic medium
	basic low

Question 15 (1 point)

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What is the primary function of prisons?

Question 15 options:

	to hold defendants awaiting trial
	to hold felons serving sentences of all lengths
	to hold convicted felons, usually serving a sentence of a year or more
	to hold drug offenders serving sentences of less than a year

Question 16 (1 point)

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Which of the following decreases as prison security level increases?

Question 16 options:

	emphasis on inmate programs
	physical barriers to deter escapes
	staff member-to-inmate ratio
	restrictions on inmate movement

Question 17 (1 point)

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Which of the following is Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) NOT responsible for?

Question 17 options:

	detaining individuals arrested for commission of a crime and found to be in the United States without permission
	detaining individuals caught attempting to wrongfully enter the United States
	detaining individuals found to be in the country unlawfully during raids conducted by ICE officials of housing and workplaces
	detaining individuals arrested for attempting to leave the United States without a valid passport

Question 18 (1 point)

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What did Greenfeld and Snell's publication on women offenders between 1986 and 1997 indicate?

Question 18 options:

	The number of males under correctional supervision increased at the same rate as did the number of females under supervision.
	The number of males under correctional supervision increased at a greater rate than that of the number of women under supervision.
	The number of women under correctional supervision increased at a greater rate than that of the number of males under supervision.
	The number of women under correctional supervision decreased compared to the number of males under supervision.

Question 19 (1 point)

What is the security level at federal institutions that feature dormitory housing, a relatively low staff-to-inmate ratio, and limited or no perimeter fencing?

Question 19 options:

	low
	minimum
	high
	medium

Question 20 (1 point)

Which stage of Maconochie's marks system emphasized punishment and included solitary confinement and a diet of bread and water?

Question 20 options:

	social stage
	penal stage
	associated stage

Question 21 (1 point)

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What should a parole officer's first step be if he or she thinks a parolee has failed to adhere to a technical condition of parole supervision?

Question 21 options:

	create a stipulated agreement
	make a warrant for arrest and custody
	create a notice of violation
	make a determination of a violation

Question 22 (1 point)

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Which document does a parole officer write when a parole violation occurs and the offender does not cooperate or absconds from supervision?

Question 22 options:

	notice of violation
	ticket of leave
	salient factor score
	full revocation

Question 23 (1 point)

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Which federal institutions have special missions, such as the detention of pretrial offenders or containment of extremely dangerous inmates?

Question 23 options:

	administrative facilities
	federal correctional institutions
	brigs
	federal prison camps

Question 24 (1 point)

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Crime is closely linked to which of the following? I. Race II. Poverty and drug use III. Lack of opportunity for legitimate economic success

Question 24 options:

	I, III
	II, III
	I, II
	I, II, III

Question 25 (1 point)

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Which offenses contributed to the most significant increase in the number of prison inmates?

Question 25 options:

	drug and public-order offenses
	white-collar crimes
	murder and rape
	child molestation and stalking

Question 26 (1 point)

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Which of the following is NOT one of the three major steps in the sentencing and release processes for discretionary parole?

Question 26 options:

	consideration of release by a parole board authorized to conditionally release offenders
	a few weeks after the hearing, the parole decision is communicated to the inmate in writing through the prison staff
	supervision in the community under specific conditions
	an indeterminate sentence with a minimum time to serve before parole eligibility and a maximum term to be served if not paroled

Question 27 (1 point)

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Which of the following is responsible for housing illegal aliens pending a hearing?

Question 27 options:

	brigs operated by the U.S. military services
	U.S. immigration and Customs Enforcement
	community correctional centers
	the Federal Bureau of Prisons

Question 28 (1 point)

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Which nineteenth-century director of the Irish prison system created a four-stage system of graduated release from prison?

Question 28 options:

	Andrew von Hirsch
	Zebulon R. Brockway
	Sir Walter Crofton
	Alexander Maconochie

Question 29 (1 point)

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Which of the following statements is NOT true of a career as a warden?

Question 29 options:

	A warden is responsible for the correctional aspects of security, inmate programs, and legal issues.
	Wardens are paid more than most chief executives in the private sector.
	Warden is a job that takes many years of training and experience.
	A warden's job is similar to that of a city manager.

Question 30 (1 point)

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What was the first stage of the Irish system of release?

Question 30 options:

	ticket of leave
	solitary confinement
	open institution
	special prison

Question 31 (1 point)

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In which of the following cases did the federal court rule that disparity of programs for female inmates could not be justified?

Question 31 options:

	Butler v. Reno
	Pargo v. Elliott
	Barefield v. Leach
	Barefield v. Butler

Question 32 (1 point)

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Which company received the first private contract to house adult offenders?

Question 32 options:

	Management Training Corporation
	Cornell Correctional Companies
	The Geo Group
	Corrections Corporation of America

Question 33 (1 point)

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Which step does NOT occur during the formal revocation of parole?

Question 33 options:

	preliminary revocation hearing
	reprimand/modification of conditions
	trial by jury
	determination of a violation

Question 34 (1 point)

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Which of the following is true of female inmates?

Question 34 options:

	Female offenders suffer from mental illness at a higher rate than their male counterparts.
	Objective classification systems developed for male offenders often ten to "underclassify" female offenders.
	Women offenders have an easier time finding and maintain employment than male offenders.Women offenders have an easier time finding and maintain employment than male offenders.
	Female inmates are more concerned about race than male inmates.

Question 35 (1 point)

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As a result of sentencing guidelines and mandatory prison sentences, ________.

Question 35 options:

	men and women charged with similar offenses are receiving similar sentences
	women are receiving shorter sentences than men for similar offenses
	nearly two-thirds of women, compared to 5 percent of men, convicted of federal felonies are granted probation
	men are receiving shorter sentences than women for similar offenses

Question 36 (1 point)

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According to a 2014 study, approximately what percentage of women released in 2005 were returned to prison within three years of release?

Question 36 options:

	95 percent
	50 percent
	10 percent
	75 percent

Question 37 (1 point)

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When was the U.S. Department of Justice established?

Question 37 options:

	1967
	1776
	1870
	1941

Question 38 (1 point)

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About how many inmates did the state and federal prisons hold in 1967?

Question 38 options:

	100,000
	less than 300,000
	more than 500,000
	one million

Question 39 (1 point)

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At the end of 2016, the largest percent of the state and federal prison population were ________.

Question 39 options:

	black
	Hispanic
	Asian
	white

Question 40 (1 point)

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How many contacts per month with at least one positive contact does a basic low classification pertaining to "supervision and conditions of parole" require?

Question 40 options:

	two
	none
	five
	one

Question 41 (1 point)

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Which law, enacted by the British Parliament in 1853, enabled prisoners to be released into the community and supervised by the police?

Question 41 options:

	Penal Servitude Act
	Parole Commission and Reorganization Act
	Prison Litigation Reform Act
	Second Chance Act

Question 42 (1 point)

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Which private prison corporation opened the first for-profit correctional facility in 1984 in Hamilton County, Tennessee?

Question 42 options:

	Corrections Corporation of America
	Community Correction Centers Ltd.
	Management Training Corporation
	The GEO Group

Question 43 (1 point)

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What is a purpose of reentry courts?

Question 43 options:

	to educate and give job training in prison
	to treat drug addicts during and after incarceration
	to review inmates' reentry plans and progress
	to create mentor programs for adults and juveniles leaving prison

Question 44 (1 point)

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In 2015, males represented about what percentage of the violent crime arrests in the United States?

Question 44 options:

	15 percent
	32 percent
	80 percent
	50 percent

Question 45 (1 point)

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Which of the following is a point determination for each inmate for use with parole guidelines?

Question 45 options:

	guideline range
	inmate score
	salient factor score

Question 46 (1 point)

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In which case did the Eighth Circuit Court suggest five criteria to be used to examine whether differences in prison programs discriminate against female inmates?

Question 46 options:

	Rhodes v. Chapman
	Terry v. Ohio
	Morrissey v. Brewer
	Pargo v. Elliott

Question 47 (1 point)

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Which type of Federal Bureau of Prison facility handles the highest number of inmates?

Question 47 options:

	jail/short-term detention
	BOP-operated prisons
	home confinement
	community correctional centers

Question 48 (1 point)

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Which 1972 Supreme Court decision set forth that once parole is granted, offenders must have certain due process to revoke that liberty?

Question 48 options:

	Gagnon v. Scarpelli
	Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex
	Morrissey v. Brewer
	Bell v. Wolfish

Question 49 (1 point)

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The highest number of people in the custody of state correctional authorities from 1980-2005 was due to which type of offense?

Question 49 options:

	public order
	property
	violent
	drug

Question 50 (1 point)

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Which of the following is NOT a prison security level?

Question 50 options:

	federal
	high/close
	intake
	community