Question 1 [16 Marks] An individual is said to be anemic (or have anemia) if they do not have enough healthy red blood cells to transport oxygen to tissues in the body. According to the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, anemia affects approximately 3 million Americans and is the most common blood disorder in the United States. Anemia can have many causes, including internal bleeding or nutritional deciencies. Anemia is diagnosed by meaSuring the level of hemoglobin present in blood; hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport. Anemia is considered a severe public health concern, especially in under-resourced parts of the world where individuals have limited access to healthcare. To study the prevalence of child anemia in a city in Southeast Asia, we randomly collect a sample of 120 young children living in a slum area of the city. For children in the age range of this study, a hemoglobin level less than 10.5 g/dL constitutes a diagnosis of anemia. The study collected demographic information in addition to measuring health variables. The vari- ables recorded are: Description sex sex, coded female for female and male for male whz standardized weight-forheight z-score relative to the national population age age in months iron blood iron level, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) The values are recorded via an assay in which negative values indicate iron deciency and positive values indicate adequate iron level. hb blood hemoglobin level, in grams per deciliter (g de) (a) It is feund that the sample mean and the sample standard deviatiOn fer hb are 9.69 and 1.94. Construct a 99% condence interval for ,ohb, the mean value of blood hemoglobin level of young children. (b) Based on the previous part, what will be the conclusion for the hypothesis test of Ho : pm, = 111 Ha : pm, 75 11 with a signicance level 0.01? (c) 3 marks Previous research has shown that iron deficiency is associated with anemia. To prove or disprove this, we study the following contingency table. Recall that anemia is diagnosed by the blood hemoglobin level being less than 10.5 g/dL, and that the variable iron is leveled so that a negative value stands for iron deficiency. We want to conduct a hypothesis test of whether iron deficiency is associated with anemia. Write out the null and alternative hypotheses for this test. Define the parameters you use. (Hint: you should do a two-sample proportion test.) hb