Question 1 [25]

1. There is still a place in the modern workplace for classical theories. Consider the classical and contemporary theories, in terms of measurement of job performance.

1.1 Tabulate classical and contemporary theories as given by Smit et al. [6]

1.2 Research on the following three theories and write a paragraph on each theory about its approach, appropriateness in the modern workplace, and an example of the relevance of this approach.

a) The quantitative management theory [6] b) The systems approach [7] c) Total quality management [6]

Question 2 [25]

Managers have to understand the business environment of an organisation. An organisation is an open system and influenced by changes in the business environment. These changes could either pose a major opportunity for managers to exploit, or they could pose a threat to the existence of the business.

Indicate and explain the three different business environments and the influence each particular environment has on an organisation. [25]

Question 3 [25]

Content theories on motivation investigate what needs people want to satisfy and attempt to identify the factors that influence individual behaviour. In contrast to the content theories that focus on individual needs, process theories attempt to find out how motivation actually occurs. One such process theory on motivation is the reinforcement theory.

Explain the reinforcement theory of motivation and the techniques managers can use to schedule such reinforcement: continuous reinforcement, fixed interview schedule, variable interval, fixed ratio, variable ratio. Include include your own examples from industry such as restaurants, hotels, or public institutions. [25]