Question 1 3 pts Investigators have created a dataset of three variables measured on 81 children who have had corrective spinal surgery. The three variables are: (i) Kyphosis = indicator (1=yes; 0=no) of whether kyphosis (forward rounding of the spine) occurred after surgery (ii) Age = age of child (in months) (ii) Num_vert = number of vertebrae (spinal bones) involved in the surgery Based upon the information above, the number of continuous or count variables in this dataset is: 01 02 OO 03 Question 2 3 pts Investigators have created a dataset of three variables measured on 81 children who have had corrective spinal surgery. The three variables are: (i) Kyphosis = indicator (1=yes; O=no) of whether kyphosis (forward rounding of the spine) occurred after surgery (ii) Age = age of child (in months) (ii) Num_vert = number of vertebrae (spinal bones) involved in the surgery From the data, we nd that: (1) ages in children with kyphosis are left-skewed with a mean of 98 months (2) ages in children without kyphosis are right-skewed with a mean of 80 months Based upon (1) and (2), the group of children with a higher median age O is those with kyphosis Q could be either group O is those without kyphosis O is those with a smaller standard deviation Question 3 4 pts Investigators have created a dataset of three variables measured on 81 children who have had corrective spinal surgery. The three variables are: (i) Kyphosis - indicator (1=yes; 0=no) of whether kyphosis (forward rounding of the spine) occurred after surgery (ii) Age = age of child (in months) (ii) Num_vert = number of vertebrae (spinal bones) involved in the surgery Investigators hypothesize that the number of vertebrae involved in the surgery might increase with age. To visually assess if their hypothesis might hold, investigators could use which plot? 0 Histogram O Boxplot O Scatterplot O Barplot Question 4 3 pts A psychological test was given to 642 students; the test consisted of 197 questions, each graded as "correct" or "incorrect." The students' total number of correct answers ranged from 46 to 167 and are summarized in the figure below: 150 125 100 - 75 50 25 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 To the nearest whole number (e.g no decimal places), provide a reasonable value for the median score of these students.Question 5 4 pts A psychological test was given to 642 students; the test consisted of 197 questions, each graded as "correct" or "incorrect." The students' total number of correct answers ranged from 46 to 167 and are summarized in the figure below: 150 125 100 - 75 50 25 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 1 From the choices below, which one contains the most plausible value for the sample standard deviation of scores? O 10 O 40 O 20 O 80Question 6 3 pts You read a manuscript stating that blood lead levels in a sample of 1,123 children have a mean of 8.12 ug/dL and a median of 6.73 pg/dL. In a few words, describe the shape of the distribution of blood lead levels in these children using terms we have covered in class. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt V Paragraph V B I U a V g v T2 V p (D 0words > I/l Question 7 3 pts A study of adult males who have recovered from opioid addiction participate in a study to prevent relapse and overdose. In this study, each male completes a survey designed to assess depression; the nal survey score can range from O to 20, with higher scores indicating higher likelihood of depression. Among the males in the study, the mean survey score was 12.23, and the median score was 9.85. The sample standard deviation was 1.95 and the standard error of the mean was 0.15. How many males were included in the study? Question 8 3 pts You are the statistician for a study. After analyzing one of the variables, you produce the following summary statistics: Mean = 12.3; Median = 10.7; Standard Deviation (SD) = 1.4 You are now informed that the data manager forgot to enter data for one of the subjects. That subject had a value of 14.9 for the variable you analyzed. Given the choices below, which one would be the most plausible values for the mean, median, and standard deviation after you include the additional value of 14.9 when you analyze the variable? O Mean=14.4; Median=9.4; SD=1.2 O Mean=11.5; Median=10.7; SD=1.5 O Mean=12.8; Median=15.2; SD=1.7 OMean=14.5; Median=11.1; SD=1.7 Question 9 3 pts You are studying women with breast cancer. You hypothesize that after diagnosis, the time it takes for women to begin chemotherapy is impacted by social disparities, specically that women in higher socioeconomic regions start their chemotherapy sooner than women in lower socioeconomic regions. To collect data to support your hypothesis, which study design below would be best and most plausible? 0 Obtain access to medical records from patients with breast cancer treated at Henry Ford Cancer Institute in Detroit, MI that includes both dates of diagnosis and start of chemotherapy, as well as the socioeconomic status of each patient. 0 Post questions on Instagram asking women with cancer to tell you when they were diagnosed, when they began receiving chemotherapy, and their current socioeconomic status. 0 First, randomly assign some women to receive chemotherapy within two weeks of diagnosis and other women to receive chemotherapy at least one month after diagnosis. Then determine the socioeconomic level of each woman. 0 Design a case-control study in which cases are women diagnosed with breast cancer and controls are women not diagnosed with breast cancer. Then collect the socioeconomic level of each woman. Question 10 You recently saw the following headline in your favorite news source on the Internet: 4 pts Weight Stigma Predicts Emotional Distress and Binge Eating During COVID-19 More than Prior to COVID-19 Below, match each of the variables mentioned in this headline with their appropriate role. Weight Stigma Emotional Distress Binge Eating Covid-19 [ Choose ] [ Choose ] [ Choose ] [ Choose ] Question 11 4 pts We are interested in estimating the malaria parasite level in blood of adults living in a densely tropical portion of rural Indonesia. There are 30 villages in that part of the Indonesian jungle. Our goal is to sample blood from 150 adults. Which one of the sampling methods below would be best to use? 0 Randomly select 5 adults from each of those villages. 0 Collect blood from a random sample of 75 adults among all 30 villages and then return a week later and collect a new sample of blood from the same 75 adults. O Collect blood samples from every adult you can across all 30 villages and then only analyze a random sample of 150 of those samples. 0 Go to each village one at a time and enroll as many adults as possible until you have a total of 150 adults. Question 12 3 pts Jerry publishes a manuscript in which he states his study participants had a mean body-mass index (BMI) of 20.3 kg/m2, and a standard error of the mean (SEM) of 1.8 kg/m2. Ben decides to replicate the study of Jerry and collects a new set of data. However, Ben finds his sample has a mean BMI of 24.0 kg/m2 and an SEM of 2.6 kg/m2. Ben now believes that Jerry's study was done incorrectly because the two studies produced different results. Explain in 1-2 sentences why Ben's conclusion is flawed. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph BIUA &V TV