Question 1 A recent article published by the Federal Reserve (the central bank of the USA), suggests "the massive lockdown of the economy" has led to "a large negative demand shock. However, an accompanying increase in unemployment benefits has increased the income of some low- and middle-income households at least temporarily, which could helpfully support aggregate demand". The excerpt above suggests an increase in household income, which might lead to improved aggregate demand. a. Draw a diagram to explain the above situation to show the impact of increased income and how it affects aggregate demand The article further states that "...supply chains in a number of industries have been affected not only internationally, with international trade in general greatly reduced, but also domestically, resulting in price increases for many goods and services". b. In your opinion if prices of goods and services increase, what might be the impact on the aggregate supply of goods and services? Explain your response in words and with the help of a diagram. c. Given the above scenario, how might the aggregate demand change in response to a decrease in exports. Explain your response in words and with the help of a diagram. The paper also proposes that.... "with increased unemployment benefits some workers may experience greater income staying at home rather than returning to work. This situation may have positive effects on public health by supporting social distancing, but it may also further complicate the process of business re-openings". d. Consider the subsidies and incentives that Bangladesh's government has provided to the local businesses and the initiative to provide vaccines to the eligible citizens, what might be the expected impact on the workers' health and labor productivity? e. How might the initiative impact the aggregate supply of the labor force and the aggregate demand of households and investors? Question 2 On 20 April 2021, the Government of Bangladesh announced an additional BDT 105 million allocation as relief for people affected by the lockdown in the country. This brings the total government disbursement of COVID-19 related payments to low-income families to around BDT 9.3 billion. Most of these allocations have been made directly into the accounts of the low-income families via money-transfer apps such as bKash, Nagad, etc. Keep in mind that while the lockdown is in effect, many people cannot work. This means that output of the economy is at a low level. a. Using a diagram, explain what effect these transfers will have on the loanable funds market. b. Do you expect the effect of these transfers on the loanable funds market to be large or small? Explain. c. Explain the effect of the lockdown on price-level and output of the economy. Illustrate using a diagram. How do these transfers change the scenario?

4. Examine the image below to answer the following questions: a. What theory regarding rates of speeiation (evolutionary Change) is demonstrated in this image? Justify your answer. {2 points) h. Indicate where an adaptive radiation is taking place on the above image. (1 point) e. Which theory regarding the geological rate of speeiation is more supported in evolutionary biology? Name 2 reasons why this theory has greater support than the theory of phyletie gradualism. (2 points) Meta-population theory and island biogeography theory are similar in that: larger habitat patches and islands will generally have larger populations of a species than smaller patches and islands sub-populations of a meta-populations are invariably initiated through immigration from a single, large population (similar to a mainland) the local extinction rate of a population is higher on larger islands and habitat patches immigration of new individuals of a species is necessary to maintain populations of that speciesPART A: Multiple Choice Questions Because of lower investment in basic research, the technological change in Australian economy slows down, As a result Select one: O a. the economy will move up along the long-run aggregate supply curve. O b. the long-run aggregate supply curve will shift to the left. O c. the short-run aggregate supply curve will shift to the right. O d. the economy will move down along the long-run aggregate supply curve. PART A: Multiple Choice Questions Because Australia is an open economy, RBA policies will have Select one: O a. no impact on macroeconomic equilibrium because its polices will be offset by the capital inflows and outflows. O b. a larger impact on the macroeconomic equilibrium compared to a closed economy. O c. no impact on macroeconomic equilibrium because its polices will be offset by the movement in the exchange rate O d. a smaller impact on the macroeconomic equilibrium compared to a closed economy.Question 12 (5 points) Saved the most important determinant of competitiveness is O productivity variety image quality Question 13 (5 points) Saved Economies of large-scale production: allows higher wages to be paid to foreign workers O promotes larger production runs resulting in lower unit costs C results in higher prices results in waste resourcesQUESTION 48 The use of image categories In the study of international politics that features the enemy and dependent images of types of states is based upon which theory O psychoanalytic O psychodynamic O cognitive () none of the above