QUESTION 1 Choose the correct answer [2 Marks x 10= 20 Marks]

1.1 The term sustainability refers to;

a) Continuing the use of current resources at higher levels.

b) Keeping the natural environment and human society in a healthy and functional state as well as the economics of the country in a reasonable state.

c) Holding or increasing the current quality of human life.

d) Always focusing on fulfilling short-term needs.

1.2 The following concerns form part of environmental issues.

a) Recycling waste.

b) Walking and cycling.

c) Road user charges.

d) Ozone depletion.

1.3 How do you measure and reduce environmental burdens?

a) Life cycle assessment.

b) Optimizing route assessment.

c) Routing and scheduling assessment.

d) 6R's assessment.

1.4 Which of the following is a way to improve carbon footprint?

a) Provision of Relief aid to the needy.

b) Using natural bio-degradable plant-based fuels.

c) Having a sustainable strategy in place.

d) Displacing of human lives after a disaster.

1.5 The following focuses on policy measures that affect the carbon footprint of the transport and logistics industry.

a) Emission standards.

b) Fuel efficiency standards.

c) a&b.

d) None of the above.

1.6 Vulnerability is seen as the progression of three stages, namely.

a) Mitigation, Preparedness, and Reconstruction.

b) Underlying causes, dynamic pressures, and unsafe conditions.

c) Chemical effect, Atmospheric effect, and Physical effect.

d) Slow on-set emergencies rapid/sudden on-set emergencies and complex humanitarian emergencies.

1.7 Impacts of global warming include all the following except:

a) Rising sea levels.

b) More extreme weather.

c) Decrease in mortality because winter is warmer.

d) More human illness

1.8 What are the factors to Consider when Initiating an Assessment?

a) Analyze existing information as well as look at areas of priority.

b) Consideration of possible future disasters.

c) Communicate to relief aid responders in advance.

d) Plan as to how to dispatch and store necessities for the vulnerable.

1.9 Humanitarian Aid transition involves.

a) Building capacity as a key component of development and sustainability.

b) Rehabilitation and development after a disaster are multi-dimensional and proactive.

c) Ensuring collaborations between agencies and the host country.

d) Damage Assessment and Need analysis.

1.10 Biomass can be derived from all of the following except?

a) Trees.

b) Agricultural crops.

c) Gasses.

d) Sewerage