*Question 1 contains multiple parts.

Renee is just starting graduate school in educational psychology. For her first project, she hypothesizes that listening to certain music (lo-fi hip-hop) increases attention during reading, allowing participants to read faster. To test her hypothesis, she designs a between-subjects experiment and randomly assigns 16 participants to read a collection of nonfiction essays under either a "no music" or a "lo-fi" condition. She then measures how many pages the subjects read in 20 minutes.

• What is Renee's Null hypothesis and (one-tailed) Alternative hypothesis?

Pages Read
No Music	Lo-Fi
23	28
21	24
28	26
31	38
18	21
20	23
32	31
35	41

• Calculate the test statistic (t) and critical value for this hypothesis test
• What decision should Renee make about her hypothesis test?

After this initial experiment Renee decides to run a second experiment, this time using a within-subjects design. She measures reading speeds of 8 participants (counter-balanced) who listen to both the "no music" and the "lo-fi" conditions. She, again, hypothesizes that listening to lo-fi hip-hop will increase reading speeds. Surprisingly! Her numbers are exactly the same.

• What is Renee's new Null hypothesis and (one-tailed) Alternative hypothesis?

	Pages Read
Participant	No Music	Lo-Fi
1	23	28
2	21	24
3	28	26
4	31	38
5	18	21
6	20	23
7	32	31
8	35	41

• Calculate the test statistic (t) and critical value for this hypothesis test
• What decision should Renee make about her hypothesis test?
• Compare this result to the result from Problem #1. If you were Renee which experimental design would you prefer for future experiments? Why?