Question 1

1. Define channel capacity, C, in terms of bandwidth and Signal to Noise ratio. Calculate C if bandwidth is given as 10 KHz and Signal to Noise ratio is given as 30 dB. Now, suppose a communication link with given bandwidth= 30 KHz and capacity=2.544 MHz is transmitting signals. Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio in db.

1. Suppose most of the Internet used some form of geographical addressing, but that a large international organization has a single IP network address and routes its internal traffic over its own links.
   1. Explain the routing inefficiency for the organization's inbound traffic inherent in this situation.
   2. Explain how the organization might solve this problem for outbound traffic.
   3. For your method above to work for inbound traffic, what would have to happen?

1. Consider the following scenario: a simple application-level protocol is built on top of UDP that allows a client to retrieve a file from a remote server residing at a well-known address. The client first sends a request with a file name, and the server responds with a sequence of data packets containing different parts of the requested file. To ensure reliability and sequenced delivery, client and server use a stop-and-wait protocol. Do you see a problem with this protocol? Discuss issues related in this scenario.