QUESTION 1 Give definitions or descriptions of Hard OR and Soft OR and discuss some examples of each. (Your answer should not be more than approximately two A4 pages.) MAKE USE OF THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS IN THIS ATTACHED FILE: OR has been around since the 1930s and it may be considered a mature discipline. There is a substantial body of literature on quantitative methods for assisting decision-making. The roots of this literature are centuries old, but much of it only emerged during the time since World War II, in tandem almost with the computer. Operations research, or operational research to the British, may be defined as the use of quantitative methods to assist analysts and decision-makers in designing, analysing, and improving the performance or operation of systems. The systems being studied may be of any kind of financial, scientific, engineering or industrial system. Regardless of the context, however, practically all such systems lend themselves to scrutiny within the systematic framework of the scientific method. George Dantzig, one of the pioneers in the development of OR called it "the science of decision-making and its applications." In 1951, Morse and Kimball provided the following definition: Operations Research is a scientific method of providing executive departments with a quantitative basis for decisions regarding operations under their control. The early years saw the theory of this science being developed very fast and it tended to become more and more immersed in the intricacies and elegance of its mathematical optimisation techniques. More and more "tools" or classes of mathematical formulations were added to the lists of models that may be solved. The solution of such optimisation models plays a central role in most OR studies and therefore a large portion of any teaching programme in OR is normally devoted to it. In addition, over the last decades, operations researchers have been confronted with complex social problems. These are problems where it is very difficult, or almost impossible, to quantify issues and this has led to what