Question 1 In recent years, thermoplastic starch (TPS) is widely used worldwide as it is flexible for packaging due to its biodegradable characteristic. TPS is one polymer type that could replace the plastic made from petroleum resources because it has a low production cost and is readily available. Moreover, it is made from the plant, consuming the starch to produce TPS. The latest research was TPS production from the potato and eggshells added as the filler in the TPS. The filler added for the TPS to make the mechanical properties stronger, and the commercial filler used previously is Calcium Carbonate instead of eggshells. Figure 1 shows the FTIR spectrum of each TPS property. The TPS properties explained with details in Table 1 below. Refer Below - Table1 : TPS properties. Figure1: FTIR spectrum for TPS. Table 1: TPS properties No Spectrum Description of the spectrum 1 Starch FTIR spectrum for starch from potato with no eggshells as a filler (potato) added. 2 300 pm FTIR spectrum for starch made from potato with eggshells added, and the particle size of the eggshell powder is at 300 um. starch (potato) + 300microns eggshell Absorbance/au. hu When Starch (potato) 3900 3600 3300 3000 2700 2400 2100 1800 1500 1200 900 600 Wavenumber/cm Figure 1: FTIR spectrum for TPS (a) Propose a detailed method to produce thermoplastic (TPS) from potato starch on a laboratory scale. The methods exclude the filler adding process. (15 marks) (b) From the FTIR spectrum given, explain the comparison of each spectrum. The comparison should include: - The condition of each peak. - The absorption and transmission of each molecule. - The bond and stretching of each peak/molecule. (16 marks) (c) Suggest THREE (3) skill/ method for producing the accuracy of the FTIR spectrum during the sample preparation and analysis step. For each skill/ method suggested should be described with a detailed explanation. (15 marks) (d) Summarize the conclusion of the TPS production based on the FTIR spectrum given. (4 marks) Question 1 In recent years, thermoplastic starch (TPS) is widely used worldwide as it is flexible for packaging due to its biodegradable characteristic. TPS is one polymer type that could replace the plastic made from petroleum resources because it has a low production cost and is readily available. Moreover, it is made from the plant, consuming the starch to produce TPS. The latest research was TPS production from the potato and eggshells added as the filler in the TPS. The filler added for the TPS to make the mechanical properties stronger, and the commercial filler used previously is Calcium Carbonate instead of eggshells. Figure 1 shows the FTIR spectrum of each TPS property. The TPS properties explained with details in Table 1 below. Refer Below - Table1 : TPS properties. Figure1: FTIR spectrum for TPS. Table 1: TPS properties No Spectrum Description of the spectrum 1 Starch FTIR spectrum for starch from potato with no eggshells as a filler (potato) added. 2 300 pm FTIR spectrum for starch made from potato with eggshells added, and the particle size of the eggshell powder is at 300 um. starch (potato) + 300microns eggshell Absorbance/au. hu When Starch (potato) 3900 3600 3300 3000 2700 2400 2100 1800 1500 1200 900 600 Wavenumber/cm Figure 1: FTIR spectrum for TPS (a) Propose a detailed method to produce thermoplastic (TPS) from potato starch on a laboratory scale. The methods exclude the filler adding process. (15 marks) (b) From the FTIR spectrum given, explain the comparison of each spectrum. The comparison should include: - The condition of each peak. - The absorption and transmission of each molecule. - The bond and stretching of each peak/molecule. (16 marks) (c) Suggest THREE (3) skill/ method for producing the accuracy of the FTIR spectrum during the sample preparation and analysis step. For each skill/ method suggested should be described with a detailed explanation. (15 marks) (d) Summarize the conclusion of the TPS production based on the FTIR spectrum given. (4 marks)
